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Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object |
| Volume | The amount of space that matter occupies |
| Solid | A state of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume |
| Liquid | A state of matter that has an indefinite shape and a definite volume |
| Gas | A state of matter that has an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume |
| Indefinite | Does not remain the same value at all times (Ex: The volume is indefinite means the volume is not the same at all times, it changes) |
| Atom | The basic particle from which all elements are made |
| Melting | A phase change from solid to liquid. Heat increases and molecular motion increases. |
| Freezing | A phase change from liquid to solid. Heat decreases and molecular motion decreases. |
| Evaporating (Boiling) | A phase change from liquid to gas. Heat increases and molecular motion increases. |
| Condensing | A phase change from gas to liquid. Heat decreases and molecular motion decreases. |
| Molecular Motion | The movement of the particles that make up matter. |
| Definite | Does remain the same value at all times (Ex: The volume is definite means the volume is the same at all times, it changes) |
| Phase Change | A change between different states of matter. Example: Solid melting into a liquid. |
| State of Matter (Phase of Matter) | A description for matter as a solid, liquid, or gas. |
| Element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. |
| An element is made up of... | only one type of atom |
| Electron | a negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus |
| Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Proton | a positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Neutron | a particle with no charge located in the nucleus of an atom |
| Periodic table | a chart that organizes the chemical elements based on their properties |
| Nucleus | the positively charged, dense center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. |
| Mass number | the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Atom | the basic unit of matter. |
| An atom is the smallest particle of an... | element that still has all the properties of the element. |
| Atoms are made up of smaller particles called | protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| The three types of elements on the periodic table | metals, non-metals, metalloids |
| The periodic table is organized by | atomic number |
| Group 1 of the periodic table | Alkali metals (very reactive) |
| Group 2 of the periodic table | Alkaline earth metals |
| Groups 3-12 of the periodic table | transition metals |
| Group 18 of the periodic table | Noble gases |
| Group 17 of the periodic table | Halogens (very reactive) |
| Metals | solids at room temperature, malleable, ductile, hard, lustrous, conductors of heat and electricity. |
| Malleable | Flexible/bendable |
| Ductile | Can be drawn into thin wires |
| Luster | Reflects light, looks shiny |
| Conductor | allows the passing of heat and electricity |
| Non-metals | Dull, brittle, insulators, gases at room temperature |
| Dull | not lustrous |
| brittle | breakable |
| insulator | does not allow heat and electricity to pass through |
| Metalloids | properties of both metals and non-metals, semi-conductors, solids at room temperature |
| What is the one metal that is a liquid at room temperature? | Mercury, Hg |
| What is the one non-metal that is a liquid at room temperature? | Bromine, Br |
| Compound | A substance made of two or elements that are chemically bonded together |
| How is a compound different from an element? | A compound is different from an element because a compound requires the chemical combination of two or more elements. When a compound is formed, it is difficult to break apart. When a compound is formed, it has different properties than both of its orig |
| What is a chemical reaction? | A chemical reaction is the formation of new compounds. |
| What are the five pieces of evidence of a chemical reaction? | 1. Production of an odor 2. Production of a gas 3. Formation of a precipitate 4. Temperature change 5. Color Change |
| What is a precipitate? | A solid |
| If a gas is produced in a chemical reaction, what will you see? | Bubbles, vapor, or steam |
| Mixture | Two or more substances that are in the same space but are not chemically bonded. |
| Homogeneous mixture | A mixture that looks uniform throughout |
| Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture that does not look uniform throughout |
| Uniform | To appear the same |
| Non-uniform | To appear different |
| Solubility | The ability of dissolving into a homogeneous mixture |
| Soluble | Can dissolve |
| Insoluble | Can't dissolve |
| What is the range of the pH scale? | 0-14 |
| What does pH measure? | how acidic or basic a solution is |
| What is the range of acids on the pH scale? | Greater than zero but less than 7 |
| What is the range of bases on the pH scale? | Greater than seven but less than 14 |
| What is a neutral solution? | A solution with a pH of exactly 7 |
| How do you neutralize a base? | Add an acid |
| How do you neutralize an acid? | Add a base |
| dilute | weak |
| concetrated | strong |
| physical change | any change that alters the appearance of a substance but DOES not change into a new substance |
| chemical change | any change that produces one or more new substances |
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valleyviewscience
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