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Social Studies
Test section 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| why did the continental army allow african americans to serve? | The redcoats were earning more african americans by bribing them with freedom, so in response they allowed the free african americans to serve so they wouldn't be outnumbered. |
| ways that women helped the patriot cause | messengers, nurses, spies, raised money for supplies, encouraged husbands and sons to fight. |
| should wealthy patriots pay subs to fight for them? | No, they made a commitment so they should not be allowed to pay someone to do their job |
| Who were Hessians and why did they fight the British? | Mercenaries-foreign soldiers who fought not out of loyalty but for pay. British are willing to pay them to fight |
| Battle of New York- Patriot actions; Battle of Trenton-Patriot actions | Patriots went on defensive and got pushed farther and farther until captured; in Trenton, discouraged troops took a risk and attacked the Hessians on a surprise attack and won. It gave them motivation and they took 900 prisoners |
| Why was Washington's victory over Hessians at Trenton important? | Morale booster so men wanted to stay in the army another year and new recruits were enlist |
| Name of painting on pg 128 and 129 | Crossing the Delaware |
| British strategy for cutting off New England? | British would invade Canada, recapture Fort Ticonderoga and sweep south to Albany, come up the Hudson River, meeting Howe and strangling New England |
| What element in the British strategy of cutting off New England prove to be a weakness? | Perfect timing and meeting General Howe |
| What role did chance play in the patriot victory at Saratoga? | They wasnt much chance in patriot victory until Howe didn't follow the plan |
| Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the war? | Because it was the greatest victory yet and France and Spain joined the Patriots |
| Why did Marquis de LaFayette join the Continental army? | He was inspired by the ideas of the Revolution |
| Name 5 ways France and Spain helped the Patriots. | Provided supplies, ammunition, soldiers, ships and strong ally/leaders such as Bernardo de Galves. |
| List 2 strengths and 2 weakness of the Colonial Forces | Home advantage, got help from European nations; weaknesses were small navy and untrained |
| List 2 strengths and 2 weakness of the British Forces | Well trained, powerful, large navy; weaknesses were crossing atlantic and used mercenaries as soldiers |
| Why was it difficult to find and keep soldiers in Continental army? | troops became discouraged |
| Was it a mistake for British to use mercenaries? | Yes because they were not cautious and ready for anything such as when the patriots attacked because they got their money. |
| Why do you think European nations supported the colonists instead of the British? | They were bitter enemies with the British and were inspired by the strategy of the colonists |
| Do you think the colonists would have won the war without the help from France and Spain? | No the colonists would not have the motivation and support from them to fight the redcoats |
| What difficulties did patriots face at valley forge? | Food, clothing, discouragement, brutal weather (winter), supplies, disease, malnutrition |
| How might weather affect the outcome of a battle? | disease, sickness, stiff muscles, could cause retreat or defeat |
| In what ways was Jones naval strategy like the Continental army? | He was clever, fought to the end |
| First Continental Congress | October 1774; gathering of colonial leaders who were deeply troubled about the relationships between great britain and its colonies in America. Declaration of rights were drafted; this was a list of 10 resolutions presented to the king. |
| unalienable rights | rights that the colonists deserve; life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness |
| Patriots | colonists who fought for independence from Great Britain |
| Minutemen | local militia, people who were ready to fight on a minute notice |
| Redcoats | British soldiers; named because of their bright red jackets |
| Second Continental Congress | May 1775, second group of delegates authorized Massachusetts militia to be Continental Army |
| Continental Army | soldiers from all the colonies to fight Britain |
| George Washington | commander of continental army; 1732-1799; virginian, first president, inspired americans and united them, |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | well positioned British soldiers left the colonists to retreat 3 times |
| Dorchester Heights | Henry Knox was assigned to transport heavy connons over 300 miles from Fort Ticonderoga. They placed these cannons on the border of Nook's Hill forcing the British to retreat. |
| Common Sense | 47 page pamphlet distributed in Philadelphia in January 1776 |
| Thomas Paine | Author of Common Sense. Argued that citizens, not kings and queens, should make laws |
| Declaration of Independence | Announced colonists break from Great Britain. Approved on July 4, 1776. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Declaration of Independence author, argued that all people possess the unalienable rights, argued that King George was abusing his power violating colonists rights, passing unfair laws, and interfering with colonial governments. |
| Loyalists | colonists who sided with Britain |
| Women, African, Native Americans | The people who the Declaration didn't recognize the rights of. |
| Battle of Trenton | Important victory against the Hessians; Patriots crossed Delaware River on Christmas Night, 1776 in a successful surprise attack on Hessian Mercenaries (took more than 900 prisoners) |
| Battle of Sartoga | Battle in New York that was an important turning point in the war; fought with strategy and anticipation. Forced British to retreat. Get help from France and Spain |
| Marquis de Lafayette | Young French Nobleman in Continental Army and served without pay; inspired, respectful, fearless, and skillful commander |
| John Paul Jones | Born in Scotland, navy hero for the Patriots, Patriot sailor gained fame when he captured the British warship Serapis in 1779. Successful, fearless, admired, naval hero |
| American Indians | Controlled the land west of the Appalachians |
| Deborah Sampson | Dressed as a man and fought several battles |
| George Rogers Clark | A surveyor along the Ohio and Kentucky rivers, he volunteered to lead the western campaign |
| George Washington | Commander of the Continental army |
| Mercenaries | Foreign Soldiers who fought for pay |
| Nathan Hale | Connecticut officer who went behind British lines to get secret information |
| Thomas Paine | Author of the American Crisis, as series of pamphlets |
Created by:
21feliza