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ABA 5011 Unit 2
Behavioral Analysis as a Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Science | A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world |
| What are the goals of science? | Prediction and control |
| Natural Science | Empirical phenomena; direct observation and measurement of phenomena or its permanent products |
| What are the different types of natural science? | Physics, chemistry, biology, behavioral science |
| Social Science | Hypothetical constructs outside of the natural realm, indirect observation and measurement |
| Philosophical assumptions | Determinism, empiricism, parsimony, philosophical doubt, pragmatism |
| Determinism | The universe is a lawful and orderly place. The lawfulness of behavior |
| Empiricism | Objective observation with thorough description and quantification of the phenomena of interest |
| Experimentation | Systematic manipulation of an independent variable |
| Replication | Repeating any part of an experiment |
| Parsimony | Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered |
| Philosophical Doubt | Continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact |
| Pragmatism | Assess the truth of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application |
| Behaviorism | The philosophy or world view underlying behavior analysis. Posits that behavior is the subject matter of our science |
| Radical Behavioralism | B.F. Skinner's philopsophy of the science of human behavior. Most influential type of behaviorism for guiding the science and practice of behavior analysis Rejects mentalism. |
| Determinants of behavior | Causes of behavior, probablistic |
| Selection | The process in which repeated cycles occur of variation, interaction with the environment, and differential replication as a function of the interaction |
| Natural Selection | The environment selects which variations survive and are passed on |
| Cultural Selection | Cultural practices evolve as they contribute to the success of the practicing group |
| Temporal Contiguity | The nearness of events in time |
| Contingency | A dependency between events when one relies on the other. |
| Types of contingencies | S-S contingencies (pairing) R-S continguencies S-R-S continencies (or the 3-term contingency) |
| Basic operations | Direct observation Repeated measures Graph Data Manipulation Systematic Evaluation Analysis and interpretation |
| Consequential Operation (+) | Contingently present a stimulus immediately after the response |
| Consequential Operation (-) | Contingently remove a stimulus immediately after the response |
| Learning | A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of an experience |
| Prediction | Given X , what will be the value of Y |
| Control | Manipulating the value of X until we get the desired value of Y |
| Experimentation | The systematic manipulation of an independent variable (environmental event) and observing and measuring one or more dependent variables (behavior) while controlling extraneous (irrelevant, seperate) variables. |
| Pavlov | Discovered the conditioned relfex. He was a physiologist. |
| Phylogenic | Basic process by which operant learning occurs; consequences (stimulus changes before |
| Ontogenic | environmental events |
| Selectionism | The process in which repeated cycles occurr. |
| What is the ultimate goal of behavior analysis? | To save the human species and the world |
| What is behavior determined by? | Inherited biological factors, the organism's experiential history with his or her environment and the organism's current environment. |
| hylogenic | Determinants are also referred to as hylogenic. Due to the history of the species. |
| What are the three types of selection by consequences? | Natural selection, operant selection and cultural selection. |
| What is contiguity an important factor in? | Learning It is always the amount of time between a response and a consequence.. |
| Contiguity is not the time between an antecedant and a stimulus. This instead defines what term? | Latency |
| What are the different kind of contingencies? | 1. S-S contingencies (pairing) 2. R-S contingencies (consequential reinforcement) 3. SRS contingencies (the 3 term contingency) 4. More complex contingencies |
| Contingencies involving consequences are called... | Contingencies of Reinforcement |
| In terms of contingency, what is the difference between the S-S and the R-S tyoes of contingency? | SS- Two Stimuli and the second was contingent on the first being presented RS- The stimulus, the consequence is contingent upon the response occuring |
| In order for a traffic light to turn from red to green, the green light on the other side has to turn red. This is an example of what kind of contingency? | SRS Contingency |
| If you go twenty miles over the speed limit and get a ticket what is exemplified? | RS Contingency |
| If you drive through a red light you can get a citation. If you drive through a green light you won't. This is an example of? | SRS Contingency (One type of light compared to another type) |
Created by:
amykbotelho