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ch 6
College communications
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| analog | tv standard broadcast signals |
| digital | the type of signals that are transmitted as binary code |
| primetime | hours between 8 and 11pm, when networks have drawn largest audiences and charged their highest advertising rates |
| network era | mid 195-0s to 1970s dominance of abccbs and nbc over programming and primetime viewing habits. declined with vcr and cable |
| catv | community antenna television. early cable systems that origionated where mountains or tall buildings blocked tv signals, only had 12 channels |
| narrowcasting | any specialized electronic programming or media channel aimed at a target audience |
| basic cable | a tier of channels composed of local broadcast signals, nnon broadcast access channels and regional pbs stations, and a variety of cable channels downlinked from communication satelites |
| superstations | local indeoendent tv stations that have uplinked their signals onto a communication satellite to make themselves available nationwide |
| premium channels | cable, a tier of channels that subscribers can order at an additional monthly fee over thier basic cable service, may include movies channels and interactive services |
| payer per view PPV | cable-television service that allows customers to select a particular movie for a fee or to pay 25-40 for a special one-time event |
| video on demand VOD | cable tv technology that enables viewers to insantly order programming |
| direct broadcast satelite | a satelite-based serive that for a monthly fee downlinks hundreds of satelite channels and services, becan in 1994 to households. |
| timeshifting | becuase people are watching ondemand on their own times, they are shifting the natural scheduling and showing of shows |
| third screens | compuer-type screens on which consumers can view tv movies music newspaper and books |
| fourth screens | smartphones, ipods, ipdas and mobile tv devices that are forcing major changes in consumer viewing habits and media content creation |
| kinescope | 1950s technique of presserving television broadcasts by using a film camera to record a live tv show off of a studio monitor |
| sketch comendy | short tv comedy skits in segments of tv variety shows , vaudei. stage shows |
| situation comedy | sit comss, recurring cast and set, narratives, problem, the complicated, confusion then resolves problem |
| anthology dramas | broght live drmatic theater to tv, expensivve and didnt last long. not popular with middle class |
| episodic series | main characters continue from week to week two types. chpater shows and serial programs. |
| chapter shows | are self contained stories with recurring set of main characters who confront pronlem, face conflics and find a soutions. can be used in sitcome and dramatic |
| serial programs | are open ended episodic shows , most story lines continue from episode to episode. cheaper than chapter shows, soap operas, cliff hanging story lines, strong audience allegiance, intimadates actual life |
| affiliate stations | not owned by network. stations that contract with a network to carry its programs. |
| prime time access rule PTAR | reduced the networks control of prime time programming fro ,four to three houurs. effort encourages more local news and public affairs programs. when ran out filled with sydnicated quiz shows |
| FIN-SYN | fcc rules that prohibited the major networks from running their own syndication companies or from chargin production companies additional fees after shows had completed their prime time runs. most rule were revoked in mid 1990 |
| must-carry rules | required all cable operators to assign channels and carry all local tv broadcasts to their systems. ensures local network affiliates independent stations would benfeit from clearer reception. limited # of distant commercial signals cable system cud import |
| access channels | requiring cable systems to provide and fund a tier of nonbroadcast channels dedicated to local education, government, and the public. |
| electronic publishers | able operatirs argued they should be considered electronic publishers and be able to choose which channels and content to carry. cable cos wanted same publishing freedoms and legal protections that brodacast and print media enjoyed |
| common carrier | providing services that dont get involved in content. midwest video case us upheld that the right of cable companies to determine channel content, communities could request access channels as a part of contract negoatioans in the franchising process. |
| telecommunications act of 1996 | broght cable under federal rules that radio tv and phone industries followed. knocked down regulatory barriers allowing regional phone companies, long distance carriers, and cable companies to enter one another market. |
| deficit financing | production comapny leases the show to a network or cabe channel for a licesnse fee that is actually lower than the cost of productions, money earned back thru reruns |
| retransimission fees | braodcast networks pay retransmission fees to carry network channels and programing. broadcaster pay affiliate stations llicense fees to carry their programs. sell advertising to get money back from paying fees |
| o & o | fcc placed restrictions on network owned and operated stations |
| sydnication | : leasing tv stations or cable networks the exclusive right to air tv shows . national association of television program executives convention to buy or barter for progams that are up for syndication. |
| evergreens | old classics that still have a following |
| fringe time | fringe time; progrmaming immediately before the evenings primetime schedule e |
| offnetwork syndication | (reruns) older programs that no longer run during prime time. |
| first run syndication | any program specifically produced for sale into syndication markets… wheel of foutrune.. dr.phil |
| rating | tv audience measurement. statistical estimate exoressed as a percentage oof housholds who turned to a program in the loal or national market being sampled |
| share | a statistical estimate of the percentage of homes that are tuned to a specific program compared with those using their sets as a time of the sample. |
| multiple systems operators MSO | corporations like comcast that own many cable systems. |
| multi channel video programming distributors MVPDs | major players called multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDS).NOW NATIONAL CAble and telecommunications associateion now uses term video subscription services which now includes netfix. |
| video subscription services | new term for cable and VOD providers introduced to include straming only companies like hulu plus and netflix |
| quiz show scandals crediteted with | undermining americans expectations of the democratic promise of tv |
| an example of a third screen would be | watching a recent tv episode on your computer |
| first televised news program was | nbc |
| must-carry rule required cable neworks to | local broadcast stations |
| CATV systems developed to | provide service to areas that had trouble getting regular broadcasting signals |
| cable operators are paid ___ per subscriber for basica cable channels | a few cents and 3.50$ |
| examples of 4th screen devices | ipads, ipods, cells |
| what type of programming is Soap operaS | serial |
| prime time access PRAR reduced... | the hours of prime time programming |
| results of telecommunications act of 1996 | more expensive and bundle services |
| Philo Fransworth | recieved patent for first electronic tv. later icensed to RCA and AT&T |
| 1954 RCA color system | sent tv images in color but allowed older sets to remain black and white. |
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