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AP chem chapter 3
chapter three vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
chemical stoichiometry | calculation of quantities of material consumed and produced in chemical reactions |
mass spectrometer | instrument used to determine relative masses of atoms by deflection of their ions on a magnetic field |
average atomic mass | also known as atomic mass. average mass of an element |
mole | number equal to number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12. |
Avogadro's number | number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12. 6.02 x 10^23 |
molar mass | mass in grams of 1 mole of molecules or formula units of a substance also called molecular weight |
conceptual problem solving | problem solving in a flexible, creative way based on an understanding of the fundamental ideas of chemistry |
mass percent | percent by mass of a component of a mixture of a given element in a compound. |
empirical formula | simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound |
molecular formula | exact formula of a molecule giving the types of atoms and the number of each type |
chemical equation | representative of a chemical reaction showing the relative numbers of reactants and product molecules |
reactants | starting substance in a chemical reaction. appears to the left of the arrow in a chemical reaction. |
products | substance resulting from a chemical reaction. shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation. |
balancing a chemical equation | obeying the law of conservation of mass. Same number and types of atoms present in both reactants and products. |
mole ratio | ration of moles of 1 substance to moles of another substance in a balanced chemical equation |
stoichiometric mixture | mixture contains the relative amounts of reactants that match the numbers in the balanced equation. |
limiting reactant | reactant that is completely consumed when a reaction is run to completion |
theoretical yield | maximum amount of a given product that can be formed when the limiting reactant is completely consumed. |
percent yield | actual amount of a product as a percent of the theoretical yield |