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Cosmo Chemicals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Solution | a stable physical mixture of two or more substances |
| Solute | the substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| Solvent | the substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution |
| Miscible | liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solution |
| Immiscible | liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions |
| Suspension | unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liwuid |
| Emulsion | An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier. |
| Surfactant | A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify. |
| Emulsifier | An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend. |
| Oil-in-water emulsion | Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water. |
| Water-in-oil emulsion | Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets emulsified in oil. |
| Volatile alcohols | Alcohols that evaporate easily. |
| Alkanolamines | Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products. |
| Ammonia | Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen. |
| Glycerin | Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams. |
| Silicone Oils | Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers. |
| Volatile Organic Compounds | Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile). |
| Alpha Hydroxyl Acids | Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin. |
| Thioglycolic Acid | A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions |
| Glycolic Acid | An alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products. |
| Oxidation-reduction | Also known as redox (ree-DOCS); a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen). |
| Oxidizing agent | Also known as redox (ree-DOCS); a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen). |
| Reducing agent | A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound. |
| Exothermic reaction | Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat. |
| Combustion | Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light. |