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B-2 Science
Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| state of matter | The state (gas, liquid, or solid) that a piece of matter (anything that can be identified as “something) is in; can be changed and reversed |
| solid | In which the particles of the matter are tightly packed together, so space in between and stiff bonds; not easy to break apart. |
| liquid | In which the particles of the matter are loosely packed together, can slide around a little but are still somewhat connected. |
| gas | In which the particles of the matter are not packed together at all, are free-moving and fast, and only react through collisions. |
| atom | The smallest unit of matter that can still be identified as that type/state of matter. |
| proton | In the nucleus of the atom, and are positively charged; are the same number as the electrons // determines identity of the atom. |
| neutron | Also in the nucleus of the atom; do not have any charge, are neutral // determines stability of the atom. |
| nucleus | The center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons.. the control center. |
| electron | Orbit the nucleus of the atom in rings; how many shells there are is how big the “cloud” of electrons will be. |
| electron cloud | Filled with the possible locations and targets of the orbiting electrons; size is determined on how many shells there are. |
| valence electron | The electron(s) on the outermost ring / orbit of the electron cloud area; the ones(s) on the very outside // determines re-activity of the atom. |
| Periodic Table of Elements | A table that was created in order to be able to sort the known elements into groups / families based on chemical properties that they had in common. |
| reactivity | The amount or what type of reaction something will give off when exposed to other substances or chemicals. |
| atomic number | The atomic number of an element is the number of protons (and electrons because # of protons is the same) in the atom |
| mass number | The total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of the atom; added together. |
| atomic mass | The mass of an atomic particle, sub-atomic particle, or molecule; usually expressed in amu. |
| element | Are sorted into a periodic table; all matter in the known universe is made of these. (Somewhere around 90 known naturally occurring elements.) |
Created by:
tshu31