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ADP 3-90

Offence and Defense

QuestionAnswer
1. Q. What does ADP 3-90 cover? A: Offense and Defense
2. Q. Para 1. What is Tactics? is the Employment and Ordered of Forces in Relation to each other
3. Q. Para 3. What do Tactical Operations Always Require? Judgment and Adaptation to the Unique and Specific Situation
4. Q. Para 3. What provides Commanders with a Set of Tools to use in Developing a Solution to a Tactical Problem? A: Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP)
5. Q. Para 4. What is the Tactical Level of War? A: Tactical Level of War is the Level of War at which Battles and Engagements are Planned and Executed to Achieve Military Objectives Assigned to Tactical Units or Task Forces
6. Q. Para 5. What is an Engagement? is a Tactical Conflict, Between Opposing Lower Echelon Maneuver Forces
7. Q. Para 5. How long do Engagements Usually Last? Usually Short in terms of Minutes, Hours, or Days
8. Q. Para 6. What is a Battle? Consists of a Set of related Engagements that lasts Longer. Involves Larger Forces than an Engagement.
9. Q. Para 8. Why must Commanders Master the Art of Science and Tactics? to Solve the Problems that will Face them on the Battlefield
10 Q. Para 8. What does the Art of Tactics Require from a Commander? Intuitive Faculties that Cannot be Learned only by Study.
11. Q. Para 8. What does the Acronym METT-TC stand for? A: Mission, Enemy, Terrain and weather, Troops and support available, Time available, and Civil considerations
12. Q. Para 9. What are the Three Interrelated Aspects of the Art of Tactics? The Array of means to Accomplish Assigned Missions. Decision-Making under Conditions of Uncertainty. Understanding the Effects of Combat on Soldiers.
13. Q. Para 9. Why must Commanders Continue to Change their Tactics? Because the Enemy Changes and Adapts to our tactics.
14. Q. Para 10. What does Every Commander Need to Outwit a Willing and Able Opponent? Creativity and Clarity of Thought
15. Q. Para 11. What makes Combat one of the Most Complex Human Activities? Because involve: Violent Death, Friction, Uncertainty, and Chance.
16. Q. Para13. What is the Science of Tactics? Encompasses the Understanding of Aspects of Tactics (Capabilities, Techniques, and Procedures) that can be Measured and Codified.
17. Q. Para 14. What is a Hasty Operation? in which a Commander Directs Immediately Available Forces, using Fragmentary Orders and Minimal: Planning Preparation and Time, for Speed of Execution
18. Q. Para 14. What is an Example of a Hasty Operation? The 9th Armored Division’s Seizure of the Bridge at Remagen in March 1945
19. Q. Para 14. What is a Deliberate Operation? in which the Tactical Situation allows the Development and Coordination of Detailed Plans.
20. Q. Para 14. What is an Example of a Deliberate Operation? The 1st Infantry Division’s Breach Operation during the Opening hours of Operation Desert Storm in 1991
21. Q. Para 15. What does the Commander base the Decision to Conduct a Hasty or Deliberate Operation on? Current Knowledge of the Situation and an Assessment of whether the Assets Available (to include time)
22. Q. Para 16. What are the Two Things Inherent in Tactical Operations? Uncertainty and Risk
23. Q. Para 16. What is a Critical Skill that a Commander Must have? Knowing when there is Enough Information to Make a Decision within the Higher Commander’s Intent.
24. Q. Para 17. When can a Commander be less Deliberate in Planning and Preparing for an Operation? when Facing a Clearly Less Capable and Less Prepared Enemy
25. Q. Para 17. What are Actions on Contact? a Series of Combat Actions, often Conducted Simultaneously, Taken when on Contact with the Enemy to Develop the Situation.
26. Q. Para 18. What is an Important Factor in Reducing Risk? How much Intelligence is Available About the Enemy
27. Q. Para 19. How can a Commander Reduce Risk associated with Any Situation? by Increasing Knowledge of the Terrain and Friendly, Neutral, and Enemy Forces
28. Q. Para 19. How does a Commander have a Greater Risk or Making a Poor Decision? if the Situational Understanding is Incomplete or Faulty.
29. Q. Para 20. How can a Commander partially Compensate for a Lack of Intelligence? by Being Flexible in Troop Dispositions. Increase in the Depth of the Security Area. The Size and Number of Security Units. The Size of the Reserve.
30. Q. Para 22. What is Joint Interdependence? The Reliance by one Service’s Forces on another Service’s Capabilities to Maximize the Effects of both.
31. Q. Para 23. What are the Twelve Principles of Joint Operations? 1. Objective 2. Offensive 3. Mass 4. Maneuver 5. Economy of Force 6. Unity of Command 7. Security 8. Surprise 9. Simplicity 10. Perseverance 11. Legitimacy 12. Restraint
32. Q. Para 24. What are the Eight Operational Variables? 1. Political 2. Military 3. Economic 4. Social 5. Information 6. Infrastructure 7. Physical Environment 8. Time
33. Q. Para 24. What is Operational Variables? Aspects of the Operational Environment, Military or Nonmilitary, that may differ from one Operational Area to another.
34. Q. Para 25. What are the Six Mission Variables? 1. Mission 2. Enemy 3. Terrain & Weather 4. Troops & support available 5. Time available 6. Civil considerations
35. Q. Para 25. What is Critical during the Military Decision-Making Process? Analyzing Mission Variables
36. Q. Para 26. What are the Fifteen Basic Tactical Concepts? 1. Area of Operations 2. Combined Arms 3. Concept of Operations 4. Decisive Engagement 5. Defeat in Detail 6. Flanks 7. Maneuver 8. Operation 9. Operational Frameworks 10. Piecemeal Comm
37. Q. Para 27. What are the Army’s Tactical Echelons? the Fire Team or Crew, through the Squad, Section, platoon, Company, Battalion, Brigade, and Division
38. Q. Para 28. What is Operational Initiative? Setting or Dictating the Terms of Action.
39. Q. Para 28. How should Army Forces Strike the Enemy? using Offensive Action in Times, Places, or Manners for which the Enemy is Not Prepared. To Seize, Retain, and Exploit the Operational Initiative.
40. Q. Para 28. Defeating the Enemy will Ultimately Require what? Our Forces Being On the Offensive
41. Q. Para 29. What is the Main Purpose of the Offensive? to Defeat, Destroy, or Neutralize the Enemy Force. To Secure Decisive Terrain, Deprive the Enemy of Resources. Gain Information, hold the enemy and Deceive or Divert the Enemy.
42. Q. Para 30. What is the Main Feature of the Offensive Tasks? Taking and Maintaining the Initiative
43. Q. Para 30. What Characterizes the Conduct of Offensive Tasks? Audacity, Concentration, Surprise, and Tempo
44. Q. Para 30. What is the Main Focus of the Commander for the Offense? to Expedite the Outcome
45. If a Commander is in a Difficult Situation such as Numerical Inferiority, what could he do to have a Successful Outcome? he Should Be Bold and Handle the Situation Audaciously
46. Q. Para 32. What is Concentration? the Ability to Mass Effects Without Massing Large Formations.
47. Q. Para 33. How do Commanders Achieve Surprise? by Striking the Enemy at a Time, Place, or Manner for which the Enemy is not Ready and by Varying the Direction, Boldness, Means, and Force of the Attack
48. Q. Para 33. How does Surprise Effect the Enemy? Delays Enemy Reactions, Overloads and Confuses Enemy Decisionmakers. Induces Psychological Shock. Reduces the Coherence of the Enemy Defense.
49. Q. Para 33. What are some things Commanders can do to Gain Surprise? Being Unpredictable and Using Military Deception.
50. Q. Para 34. What is Tempo? The Rate of Speed and Rhythm of Military Operations with Respect to the Enemy
51. Q. Para 34. What is Essential for Maintaining the Initiative? Controlling or Altering that Rate and Tempo
52. Q. Para 34.An Aggressive Application of Maneuver and Fires has what Effect on the Enemy? it Can Keep an Enemy Off Balance and in a Reactive State.
53. Q. Para 34. What type of Tempo do Commanders want to Maintain Against the Enemy? a Tempo that Maintains Pressure to Prevent the Recovery from the Shock and Effects of the Attack
54. Q. Para 35. What are the Four Primary Offensive Tasks? Movement to Contact. Attack. Exploitation Pursuit
55. Q. Para 36. What is Movement to Contact? An Offensive Task Designed to Develop the Situation and to Establish or Regain Contact
56. Q. Para 36. What is the Goal of Movement to Contact? to Make Initial Contact with a Small Element while Retaining Combat Power to Develop the Situation and Mitigate the Associated Risk.
57. Q. Para 37. What is Attack? An Offensive Task that Destroys or Defeats Enemy Forces.
58. Q. Para 37. What are some Attack Types? Ambush Counterattack Demonstration Spoiling Attack Feint Raid
59. Q. Para 38. What is Exploitation? an Offensive Task. Designed to Disorganize the Enemy in Depth
60. Q. Para 39. What is Pursuit? an Offensive Task Designed to Catch or Cut Off a Hostile Force Attempting to Escape, with the Aim of Destroying it
61. Q. Para 40. What are some Common Offensive Control Measures? Assault Position, Assault Time, Attack-By-Fire Position, Attack Position, Axis of Advance, Direction of Attack, Final Coordination Lines, Limit of Advance, Lines of Departure, Objective, Point of Departure,Rally Point and Time of Attack
62. Q. Para 41. What is Maneuver? the Employment of Forces in Combination with Fires to Achieve a Position of Advantage in Respect to the Enemy
63. Q. Para 41. What are the Forms of Maneuver? Envelopment. Flank Attack. Frontal Attack Infiltration Penetration Turning Movement
64. Q. Para 44. What is the Primary Purpose Commanders choose to Defend? to Create Conditions for a Counteroffensive that Allows Army Forces to Regain the Initiative
65. Q. Para 44. What are other Reasons Commanders will Choose to Conduct a Defense? to Retain Decisive Terrain. Deny a Vital Area to the Enemy. In response to Surprise Action. To Increase the Enemy’s Vulnerability.
66. Q. Para 45. What is the Key Feature of Defensive Battle? Striving to Regain the Initiative from the Attacking Enemy
67. Q. Para 45. What are some Characteristics of the Defense that a Defending Commander will use to Regain the Initiative? Disruption. Flexibility. Mass and Concentration. Preparation. Security
68. Q. Para 46. How does the Defender Disrupt the Attacker’s Tempo and Synchronization? by Constantly Seeking to Wrest the Initiative. By Preventing the Attacker from Massing Overwhelming Combat Power.
69. Q. Para 46. Why would Defenders seek to Separate the Enemy’s Forces? so Units can be Isolated and Then Defeated, Destroyed, or Neutralized.
70. Q. Para 47. Who decides Where and When Combat will take place? The Attacking Force
71. Q. Para 47. What are the Four Major Activities of the Operations Process? Plan. Prepare. Execute. Assess
72. Q. Para 47. What are the Three Integrating Processes? Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield. Targeting. Risk Management
73. Q. Para 47. How do Commanders add Flexibility to their Basic Plans? by Organizing their Defense in Depth, Retaining Reserves, Designing Counterattack Plans, and Preparing to Assume the Offensive.
74. Q. Para 48. What does Maneuver allow the Defender? To take Full Advantage of the A.O. and to Mass and Concentrate when Desirable.
75. Q. Para 49. Why do Defending Commanders Retain Reserves? as a means of Ensuring Mission Accomplishment and for Exploiting Opportunities through Offensive Action
76. Q. Para 51. What do Preparations Involve? Positioning Forces in Depth, improving Terrain to Favor the Defense, Wargaming Plans, Integrating Available Fires. Organizing for Movement and Support, Rehearsing, and Taking Measures to Protect the Force
77. Q. Para 52. What is the purpose of Security Measures? To Coordinate and Synchronize the Defense. Early Warning. Disrupt the enemy.
78. Q. Para 52. What are the different Tasks that the Higher Commander can Assign the Security Force? Cover. Guard. Screen. Area Security.
79. Q. Para 53. What are the Three basic Defensive Tasks? Area Defense. Mobile Defense. Retrograde
80. Q. Para 53. What is Area Defense? Defensive Task that concentrates on Denying Enemy Forces Access to Terrain for a Specific Time. Rather than Destroying the Enemy Outright
81. Q. Para 53. What is Mobile Defense? Defensive Task that Concentrates on the Destruction of the Enemy through a Decisive Attack by a Striking Force.
82. Q. Para 53. What is Retrograde? Retrograde is a Defensive Task that involves Organized Movement Away From the Enemy
83. Q. Para 54. What are the Three Forms of Retrograde? Delay. Withdrawal. Retirement
84. Q. Para 54. What is Delaying Operation? Operation in which a Force Under Pressure Trades Space for Time. Without becoming Decisively Engaged
85. Q. Para 54. What is Withdrawal? When a Force in Contact Disengages and Moves Away from the Enemy
86. Q. Para 54. What is Retirement? When a Force not in Contact Moves Away from the Enemy
87. Q. Para 56. What are some other Control Measures that a Commander conducting a Defense Can Employ? Designating: The Security Area. The Main Battle Area. Echelon Support Area
88. Q. Para 57. What are the Three Forms of Defense? Defense of Linear Obstacle. Perimeter Defense. Reverse Slope Defense.
89. Q. Para 59. What are some of the Tactical Enabling Tasks? Reconnaissance, Security, Troop Movement, Relief in Place, Passage of Lines, Encirclement Operations, and Urban Operations.
Created by: jorge1971
 

 



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