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chemistry c
chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mg | Magnesium |
| H | Helium |
| Ag | Silver |
| F | Fluorine |
| Cr | Chromium |
| Zn | Zinc |
| Al | Aluminum |
| Si | silicone |
| Br | Bromine |
| Se | Selenium |
| K | Potassium |
| A horizontal row of elements on the perodic table | Period |
| An element with little or no luster that is poor conductor of heat and electricity | nonmetal |
| a number that appears at the top of each vertical column (group) in the periodic table | group number |
| an element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conducter of heat and electricity | metal |
| an element in the center of the periodic table that has a group number of 3 through 12 | transition element |
| An arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number | periodic table |
| An element in group 7A (17) | halogen |
| Li,C, and O | The same period |
| Al, Si, and Cl | the same period |
| Mg, Ca, and Ba | the same group |
| Li, Na, and K | the same group |
| Mg | Magnesium,Group 2A, period 3, Metal, 2 |
| Carbon, C | Group 4A, period 2, nonmetal, 14 |
| N | Nitrogen, Group 5A, period 2, nonmetal, 15 |
| Sulfur, S | Group 6A, 16, Period 3, nonmetal |
| Sb | Anitomy, group 5A, period 5, metalloid, 15 |
| H | Hydrogen, group 1A, period 1, nonmetal |
| Cl | nonmetal |
| O | nonmetal |
| P | nonmetal |
| Ca | metal |
| Fe | metal |
| Si | metalloid |
| Al | meatl |
| Zn | metal |
| Atom | smallest particle that retains the characteristics of an element |
| Where are electrons located ? | outside the nucleus and have a mass much smaller than the mass of proton or neutron |
| what kind of charge do protons have ? | positive |
| what kind of charge do neutrons have? | electrically neautral |
| what kind of charge do electrons have ? | negative |
| Atomic number | number of protons in every atomof an element |
| Neutral atoms | number of electrons equal the number of protons |
| Mass number | total number of neutrons and protons in an atom |
| how to find the number of neutrons | massnumber-- atomic number |
| found in the nucleus of an atom | proton and neutron |
| has a 1- charge | electron |
| is found outside the nucleus | electron |
| has a mass of about 1 amu | proton and neutron |
| all matter is composed of | atoms |
| atoms can combine to form | compounds |
| Sc | scandium |
| Ti | titanium |
| V | vanadium |
| Mn | manganese |
| Iron | Fe |
| Cobalt | Co |
| Ni | nickle |
| Cu | copper |
| Galium | Ga |
| Ge | Germanium |
| Rb | rubidium |
| Strontium | Sr |
| Y | yttrium |
| Zr | Zirconium |
| Nb | niobium |
| An atom of Carbon | 6 |
| An atom with 9 neutrons and a mass number of 19 | 10 |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but diffrent numbers of neutrons |
| As | arsenic |
| Kr | krypton |
| Rb | rubidium |
| Sr | strontium |
| Y | |
| Halogen | an element in group 7A (17) |
| Describe the shape of the orbital 1s | sperical |
| describe the shape of the orbital 2p | two lobes |
| describe shape of orbital 5s | sperical |
| how to get the mass number | sum of number of protons + the number of neutrons |
| write atomic symbol for 15 protons and 16 neutrons | 15+16=31 element is phosphurus 31/15P |
| tungsten | W |
| Niobium | Nb |
| Molybdenum | Mo |
| technetium | Tc |
| Ruthenium | Ru |
| Rhodium | Rh |
| Palladium | Pd |
| Mercury | Hg |
| Hafnium | Hf |
| Barium | Ba |
| Cesium | Cs |
| Indium | In |
| cadmium | Cd |
| Bismuth | Bi |
| maximum number of electrons in the 2p orbital | 2 |
| maximum number of orbital in 3p | 6 |
| maximum number of orbitals in the 5d level | 10 |
| maximum number in n=4 energy level | 32 |
| orbitals in the 3d sublevel | 5 |
| orbitals in the n=3 energy level | 9 |
| lead | Pb |
| maximum number of electrons for 3p sublevel | 6 |
| maximum number of electrons for 3d sublevel | 10 |
| maximum number of electrons for the 4f sublevel | 14 |
| A block of 14 elements in the rows at the bottom of the periodic table | f block |
| a list of the number of electrons in each sublevel within an atom arranged by increasing energy | electron configuration |
| the elements in group 1A and 2A in which the electrons fill the s orbital | s block |
| contains electrons of identical energy | sublevel |
| the block of ten elements from groups 3B to 2B | d block |
| the representation of an atom that shows valence electrons as dots around the symbol of the elements | lewis symbol |
| a measure of how easily an element loses a valence electron | ioniztion energy |
| the electrons in the highest energy level of an atom | valence electrons |
| the number at the top of each vertical column in the periodic table | group number |
| a region around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found | orbital |
| symbol for beta particle | B |
| symbol for alpha particle | 4/2HE |
| An atom that emits radiation | radioisotope |
| symbol for positron | B+ |
| symbol for gamma radiation | y |
| contains two protons and two neutrons | alpha particle |
| has a mass number of 0 and a 1+ charge | beta particle |
| 0/0y | |
| does not penetrate the skin | alpha particle |
| requires sheilding protection | gamma particle |
| can be very harmful if ingested | alpha particles |
| Rad (radiation absorbed dose) | is a unit that measures the amount of radiation absorbed by a gram of material such as body tissue |
| Rem (radiation equivalent in humans) | measures biological effects of diffrent kind of radiation |
| 1Gy= | 100 rad |
| 1Sv= | 100rem |
| can be measured in rad | absorbed dose |
| can be measured in mrem | biological damage |
| can be measured in Gy | absorbed dose |
| activity can be measured in mCi | activity |
| alpha particles are composed of | protons and neutrons |
| the charge on a alpha particle | +2 |
| beta particles are | electrons |
| the nuclear process that occurs in the sun | fusion |
| tera | 12 |
| giga | 9 |
| mega | 6 |
| kilo | 3 |
| deci | -1 |
| centi | -2 |
| nano | -9 |
| micro | -6 |
| milli | -3 |
| atomic size | decreases left to right increases top to bottom |
| ionization energy | increases left to right decreases top to bottom |
| metallic character | inceases top to bottom decreases left to right |
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