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Chapter 3 APES

Term	Definition
Biosphere	The region of our planet where life resides, the combination of all ecosystems on Earth.
Producer/Autotroph	An organism that uses photosynthesis to produce energy; autotroph
Photosynthesis	Process by which producers use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
Cellular respiration	the process by which cells unlock energy of chemical compounds
Consumer/Heterotroph	An organism incapable of photosynthesis; eats other organisms
Herbivore/primary consumer	A consumer that eats producers; primary consumers
Carnivore	Eats other consumers
Secondary consumer	A carnivore that eats primary consimers
Tertiary consumer	Carnivore that eats other secondary consumers
Trophic levels	successive levels of organisms consuming one another
Food Chain	The sequence of consumption from producers through tertiary consumers.
Food Web	A complex model of how energy and matter move between trophic levels.
Scavengers	organisms that consume dead animals
Detrivores	organisms that specialize in breaking down dead tissues and waste products.
Decomposers	Fungi and bacteria that convrt organic material into small elements and molecules that can be recycled back into the ecosystem.
GPP	total amount of solar energy produced over a given period of time.
NPP	Total amount of solar energy produced over a given period of time minus the energy producers respire.
Biomass	Total amount of living matter in a specific area.
Ecological Efficiency	the proportion of consumed energy that can be passe from one trophic level to another.
Trophic Pyramid	A representation of the distribution of biomass, numbers, or energy among trophic levels.
biogeochemical cycle	The movement of matter within and between ecosystems.
Hydrologic cycle	The movement of water within and through the biosphere,
Transpiration	the release of water from leaves during photosynthesis
Runoff	Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers
Carbon Cycle	the movement of carbon around the biosphere
Limiting Nutrient	A nutrient required for the growth of an organism but available in a lower quantity than other nutrients.
Nitrogen Cycle	Movement of nitrogen around the biosphere
Leaching	The transportation of dissolved molecules through the soil via groundwater.
Phosphorus cycle	The movement of phosphorus around the biosphere.
Sulfur cycle	movement of sulfur around the biosphere.

Created by: fbenitez155

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