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Science Study Guide
Definition of science terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Element | that cannot be chemically inter converted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter. |
| Compound | a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture |
| Mixture | a substance made by mixing other substances together |
| Solution | a means of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation |
| Solute | the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent |
| Solvent | able to dissolve other substance |
| Physical properties | any property that is measurable whose value describes a state of a physical system |
| Chemical properties | a property or characteristic of a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition |
| Energy levels | the fixed amount of energy that a system described by quantum mechanics, such as a molecule, atom, electron, or nucleus, can have |
| Ionic | formed by the electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ions. |
| Covalent | of, relating to, or denoting chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. |
| Ions | an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
| Cation | positively charged ion |
| Anion | a negatively charged ion |
| Metallic | attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metal atoms |
| Dot Diagrams | A structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; two dots between atoms represent a covalent bond |
| Chemical Reactions | a process that involves changes in the structure and energy content of atoms, molecules, or ions but not their nuclei |
| Reactants | A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the start of the reaction |
| Products | A product is a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction. |
| Synthesis | the composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole |
| Decomposition | A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction where one reactant yields two or more products. |
| Single Replacement | one element is replaced by another in a compound. |
| Double Replacement | type of reaction that occurs when the cations and anions switch between two reactants to form new products |
| Chemical Formula | A chemical formula tells us the number of atoms of each element in a compound |
| Law of Conservation | the mass is constant irrespective of its changes in form; the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed |
| Endothermic | chemical change that is accompanied by an absorption of heat |
| Exothermic | process or chemical reaction characterized by or causing the liberation or release of heat |
| Molecules | a group of atoms bonded together |
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