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Canaan
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S.S. 7A review
Chapter 6 notes- The Phoenicians- 101-106
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The phoenicians | Civilization began about 1830 BC, they lived in the northern part of Canaan. |
| Canaan | Between Egypt and Mesopotamia, land area of Lebanon, and Israel today. |
| Treaties | Agreements between two states or countries, in which they promise to supply free shipments of goods. |
| Holy of holies | Most sacred chamber in the Phoenicians temple where the image or sacred stone of a god was kept |
| Colonies | Permanent settlements beyond the land of Phoenicia itself- primarily in along the coast of North Africa |
| Carthage | Most famous Phoenicians colony founded in 814 B.C.- located in present day country of Tunisia- became Mediterranean power and trading city |
| How have we gained our knowledge about the Phoenicians? | Through the Bible, the writings of other ancients cities, and the ruins of their cities and ships. |
| Give two reasons why the Phoenicians became sea merchants? | They turned to the sea to make a living. They lived between the mountains and the sea, and could not grow crops for everyone. They then turned to the sea. They started off as coastal traders and eventually became widely traveled merchant shippers. |
| How did the Phoenicians’ use of peace treaties benefit themselves as well as their neighbors | By signing treaties with their more powerful neighbors. By doing this, they created a safe environment for their civilization. |
| Why did the Phoenicians never unite? | The mountains separated the civilizations. The main ways were only to hike through narrow slopes through the mountains, or hike along the sea. |
| Name four large Phoenician cities. Why didn’t they always get along? | , Tyre, Byblos, Beirut, and Sidon. They searched for more profit, which led to jealousy and arguments, through the city-states. |
| What is considered the Phoenicians’ most important gift to other civilizations? Why? | The alphabet. They borrowed it from the Canaanites, then Phoenicians shared it with the Greeks. From there it spread to the Romans and the western alphabets are based off of the roman one. |
| Why was the Canaanite system of writing appealing to the Phoenicians? | it had only 22 letters/symbols, which allowed them to have a simplified method of writing to keep trade records. |
| What is the translation of the word “Phoenician”? Why was this a suitable name for this group of people? | “Of purple merchants.” The Phoenicians made an expensive purple dye, that had a large demand. |
| Canaanites | Herders from South and east of Canaan. |
| Phillistines | traders and shipbuilders from near greece. |
| Growth of trade- | 1200 B.C. |
| Phoenicians built ______ and __________ along the coast of Med. Sea. | Towns and cities |
| Not enough land to _______ ______ for their people. | Grow and food |
| ______ forests (Lebanon) provided wood for _______ | Ceclar and ships |
| Traded along the ________ - ships were traveling ______ | coast and workshops |
| Explored _______ areas | unexplored |
| Spread middle eastern ________ | culture |
| Made peace _______ (agreements) between states and countries. What did they say. | Treaties and Phoenicia will ship free goods and other countries will guarantee Phoenicia's independence. |
| Traded ______ logs, cloth, _______, trinkets, and _______ for _______ and other metals. | Cedar, glass, perfume, gold. |
| Cities- Phoenicia never became united. Separated by _______-only contact was through narrow mountain passes and by __. | Mountains, and sea |
| Independent ________ people were loyal to their city-states. | City-states |
| Became _________ for profits from trade. | competitors |
| Found _______ ______ for cloth- Phoenicians means "of purple _____" (Shellfish- _____) | purple dye, merchants, murex |
| Gods and goddesses- many gods closed tied to _______ | nature |
| Built temples- ______ of _____ = most sacred chamber , held images or sacred stone of their gods. | holy of Holies |
| Believed in life after death- cremation- ___ (vases that held ashes of dead person) then _______ and mummies like Egypt. | urns, and embalmed. |
| Carthage- _______ (permanent settlements)- north coast of Africa- today _____ in _______. | colony, tunis, tunisia |
| Became a major _______ power in the Mediterranean. | trading |
| Alphabet- Phoenicia's most important ________ | contribution |
| Borrowed simple form of Egyptian _______ from Canaanites - 22 _______ - no vowels, read left to right- alphabet went from Phoenicia to ______ Greeks, Romans, most western alphabets including English are based on it. | Hieroglyphics, symbols, Europe. |
| Phoenician alphabet gave each letter a _____. 1st letter: picture of an ox (aleph) 2nd letter: picture of house (beth) | Name |
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