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Terms and Definition
Reading and English PSSA terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alliteration | the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words in a sentence. Ex: sweet smell of success |
| Antagonist | principal charachter in opposition to the protagonist. Sometimes not a person but an obstacle such as a force of nature, society or inner conflict. |
| Antonym | a word that is the opposite or another word. |
| Authors Purpose | why did the auther write the selection? is the purose to entertain, to inform or to persuade? Skim the selection and attempt to determine the authors purpose before you read the selection. |
| Autobiography | the story of a person's life written by the person. |
| Biography | the story of a persons life written by another person. |
| cause and Effect | cause statements stem for actions ond events, and effects are what happen as a result of the event or action. |
| Charaterization | the method an auther uses to communicate information about he charaters to reader. 1)the methode of which the auther interduces a new character. |
| Climax | the moment when the action of the story comes to its hightest point. this usally occurs at the end of the story jsut before the resolution. tis paret of the story where you are pretty sure you know what is going to happen to the main charater. |
| Compare and Contrast | comcare means to show similarities and conrast means to show differences. |
| Conclusion | the end of th reading selection. |
| Conflict | struggle between opposing forces in literature. |
| Charater vs. Charater | a conflict between characters shuch as a family conflict, trouble with a bully or difficulies in romance. this type of conflict is external. |
| Character vs. Nature | a conflict between a character and a force in nature such as a tornado, avalanche, extreme weather conditiond or andy type of natural disater. type of conflict is external. |
| character vs. self | this is an internal conflict. BIG dision |
| connections | text to self; world; or text. the reader can connect what he has read with something else. |
| Context Clues | information wihtin the reading selection that hielps the reader figure out the meaningd of challengign words. |
| dialogue | the actual words that the charater speaks. |
| evaluate | to examine and judge |
| Expository Text | text written to explain and convey information and about the setting, plot, chatacter ro other essential story element. |
| Fable | a narrative intended ato convey a moral or lesson to the reader. |
| Fact vs. Opinion | is it something that can be proven to be true, or is it just someone else's point of view? |
| Falling action | the part of the story following the climax where there is a sharp decline in dramatic tension; this occurs just before the resolution. |
| fiction | any story that is the product of imagination rather than fact |
| figurative language | language that connot be taken literally since it was written to creat a special effect. (personification, metaphor, simile, hyperbole) |
| flashback | technique in which the auther interrupts the plot of the story to recreate an incident of an earier ime; flashback is often used to provide additional information to the reader. |
| folktales | stories passed though generations. |
| forshadowing | a writing tecnique that gives readers clues about events that will happen later in the story |
| generalization | when you make assumptoins aout differnt events and/or character and apply then to mew situations |
| genre | categories of literature-mystery, horror, supense, sports, historical, adventure. ect. |
| graphic organizer | a diagram that is used to represent information- venn diagram, t-chart, sequence chart, cause- effect, ect. |
| homonym | two or more words that are pronounced alike but have differnt meanings. Ex: aunt/ant or eight/ate. |
| hyperbole | an exaggerated statement used to make a strong effect Example: I'm dying of thirst |
| imagery | words and phrases used specifically to help the reader to imagine each of the senses |
| inference | reading between the lines. taking what the author wrote and adding it to what you already know to make an assumption |
| irony | a tone that is created when the speaker intends to mean that which is opposite to the words they are saying |
| judge | to say if something is good or bad- if you like it or you don't |
| limerick | a light or humorous tone |
| metaphor | a comparison between two unlike things without using the words like or as - Example: Joe is a lion on the the playing field |
| Mood | the overall feeling created by the author's words |
| narrator | the speaker of the story |
| nonfiction | writing that is true and the purpose is to inform |
| onomatopoeia | words whose sounds express their meaning Example: buzz, crash, bang |
| oxymoron | putting two contradictory words together |
| Paraphrase | restate in your own words, retelling of the reading selection that includes more than just the main ideas |
| personification | giving lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects Example: Planets danced in their orbits |
| plot | the events that occur in the story beginning with the setting and ending with the resolution |
| poetry | writing that expresses ideas through rhythmic patterns and figurative language |
| point of view | perspective from wich the story is being told |
| third person limited point of view | the story is told from the view-point of a character; as a result the reader is only exposed to what that character experiences |
| third person omniscient point of view | all knowing instead of being a character in the story, the narrator is outside the story so the thoughts of all of the characters are presented |
| prediction | making and educated guess as to what will happen next |
| prefix | letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning |
| protagonist | the central character in a story that is the good guy |
| reaction/react | offer your own opinion of the reading material |
| resolution | occurs at the end of a story and includes the story's action after the climax |
| rising action | the part of the story, including the exposition, which builds to the climax |
| root word | a word to which prefixes are added |
| sequential order | order in which the events in the story are presented to the reader |
| setting | the environment of time and place where the action of a story occurs |
| simile | a comparison between two unlike things by using the words like or as |
| suffix | letters placed at the end of a word to change its meanings |
| summarizing | a concise (short yet detailed) explanation of a reading selection, contains only the main ideas |
| supporting details | details that support the main idea of the passage |
| suspence | techniques used by the author to keep readers interested in story and wondering what will happen next |
| symbol | an image, object, character, or action that stands for an idea beyond its literal meaning |
| syonym | two or more words that have highly similar meanings |
| theme | the uderlying message of the selection that the author is trying to convey or communicate at the reader, maybe thought of as a lesson or moral of the story |
| tone | the clues of the story that suggest the writter's attitude toward elements in the story |
Created by:
2014EllBroA
Popular English Vocabulary sets