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Unit 3
US History Test over unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain how factories changed how goods were produced. | Labor by hand changed to labor by machine. New technology produced quicker cheaper and more efficiently. |
| How are laissez-faire and the free enterprise system similar? | In both the government believes they should leave businesses/economy alone. |
| What are the four factors that allowed the United States to industrialize. | Expansion of railroads, increased population,development of national market, and new technology.` |
| What technological innovation was adopted by Andrew Carnegie and allowed for steel to be mass produced for the first time in our history? | Bessemer process |
| What impact did new inventions like the telephone, telegraph, sewing machine, and electric light bulbs have on society. | Improved standard of living, allowed people to communicate, work longer, and be more productive |
| Why is Andrew Carnegie significant? | Founded Carnegie Steel and philanthropy |
| What did John D. Rockefeller do that made him significant? | Founded standard oil and controlled 90% of oil. Was broken up by the Sherman anti trust law, philanthropy |
| Define philanthropy. | using your fortune for social progress or charity |
| Define corporation. | large company controlled by board of trustees/share holders |
| Define monopoly. | a company that has complete control over a n entire industry |
| Define entrepreneur. | a person who opens a business in hopes of making a profit |
| Define labor union. | group of workers who fight to improve wages, hours and working conditions |
| What did Samuel Gompers do that made him significant? | a cigar maker who founded the american federation of labor and improved working conditions |
| What are the pros of big businesses? | hire large # of workers can pay for research and philanthropy produce larger amounts of goods and lower prices |
| What are the cons of big businesses? | unfair competition unfair influence government pollution poor treatment of workers |
| In Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth, what does he explain he is using his money for? | philanthropy |
| What other entrepreneur shared Andrew Carnegie's beliefs? | John D. Rockefeller |
| List the positive and negative contributions Andrew Carnegie made to American society. | (+)showed how to organize, business efficiently, philanthropy (-) treated workers poorly |
| What were the problems created by industrialization that led to the development of labor unions? | made workers easy to replace, unskilled, light bulbs |
| What are the four reasons why the United States government supported big businesses and not labor unions? | believed big businesses help america, Laissez-faire principles, believed unions were violent |
| How was the American Federation of Labor (AFL) the Knights of Labor similar? | both wanted to get workers together to demand better working conditions |
| How was the American Federation of Labor (AFL) different from the Knights of Labor? | (AFL)only allowed skilled workers, more focused (Knights) all workers allowed, broad ideas |
| Why would workers want to join a labor union in the first place. | industrialization created jobs where workers were easy to replace so they had no voice or bargaining power with employers |
| What major trend occurred to the population of the United States during the industrial expansion of the late 19th century. (Where were the people going?) | urbanization increased, moving from rural areas to urban |
| What were the problem early cities faced? | overcrowding = tenements lack of services = infrastructure, trash, water, sewage social problems = rich vs poor and crime |
| Define a pull factor and what is an example of one? | attracts immigrants to a new country (ex: economic opportunity) |
| Define a push factor and what is an example of one? | forces immigrants to leave country (ex: famine or war) |
| Where were the majority of new immigrants coming from during the late 1800s and early 1900s? (They made up more that half of all immigrants in to the US) | southern and eastern europe |
| What entry point in to the US did they typically have to go through? | Ellis island |
| What entry point did Asian immigrants typically have to go through? | Angel Island |
| In what ways were the experiences of new immigrants and native american children on reservations similar? | both had to assimilate (ex: learn english, attend school, change clothing |
| What jobs did immigrants typically take upon arrival to the US?Is this skilled or unskilled labor? | unskilled factory and sweatshop workers |
| What is an urban political boss? | A politician who is corrupt and provides jobs and services in exchange for votes |
| What are the negative aspects of political bosses? | stole money, bribery, corruption |
| What is a nativist? Describe their beliefs toward immigration. How would a nativist ideas be in line with social Darwinism? | Nativist - anti immigration; only wants citizens who are naturally born; believe some races are better than others |
| What act or law passed by the United States government would nativist in California have supported? What did this act do? | Chinese exclusion act, limited chinese immigration to the united states |
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