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Exam 1
AMD 204
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This fiber is known for its natural luster | SILK |
| 3‐D Crimp + naturally bi‐component | WOOL |
| This fiber has a polygonal cross‐section with flexible joins called nodes | FLAX/LINEN |
| Poor conductor of heat, very durable, abrasion resistant, thermal retention and resilient | WOOL |
| What can be identified under a microscope by overlapping scales? | WOOL |
| What can be identified under a microscope by triangular rounded edges? | SILK |
| What can be identified under a microscope by convolutions? | COTTON |
| A fiber with high tenacity is able to | Withstand a heavy pulling forces |
| What increases yarn diameter, strength, uniformity, an quality. | Plying |
| Performance of Cotton | Attractive aesthetics, excellent comfort, good durability, elongation poor, easy care and excellent absorbency |
| The ability of a fiber to conceal or protect | COVER |
| The ability of fibers to cling together during spinning | COHESIVENESS |
| Often used for fake furs, sweater, knitted apparels, craft yarns | ACRYLIC |
| Wool like aesthetics, moderate durability, resistance to weathering and poor absorbency | ACRYLIC |
| Easy care, very durable, poor conductor of heat and is often blended, | POLYESTER |
| High‐ durability, abrasion resistance, elastic recovery and tenacity | NYLON* * Single most important use is carpets |
| Is a color scavenger | NYLON |
| Lightest fiber, lowest melting point, excellent wicking used for thermal underwear and active sportswear | OLEFIN |
| Short fibers need to be twisted together to form a yarn | SPUN YARNS |
| Ratiné, Chenille, Boucle are types of? | FANCY/NOVELTY YARNS |
| Define combed/carded, worsted/woolen | An additional step in the production of smooth, fine uniform spun yarns |
| Covered, core‐spun and filament‐wrapped are types of | COMPOSITE/COMPOUND YARNS |
| These yarns are smooth and cool to the touch | FILAMENT YARNS |
| This aspect of appearance retention describes the manner in which a fabric hangs over a 3‐D form | DRAPE |
| Describes the ability of a fiber to resist damage from rubbing or surface contact | ABRASION RESISTANCE |
| Describes the ability of the fiber to transfer moisture along its surface | WICKING |
| Describes fibers’ strength | TENACITY |
| The ability to be stretched, extended or lengthened | ELONGATION |
| List the seven ‘serviceability’ principles | Aesthetics, durability, comfort ability, appearance retention, cost, care and environmental impact |
| This yarn number system is expressed in terms of weight per length for filament yarns. This describes yarn size using filament fibers. | DENIER |
| This type of yarn is processed from staples and filament tow. | Spun yarn |
| These yarns are crimped to be more spun‐like | BCF |
| Easy to dye, lustrous, highly absorbent, versatile but weak and has low resiliency | Regular RAYON / VISCOSE |
| Made of wood pulp, manufactured, regenerated | LYOCELL, RAYON, ACETATE |
| Filament tow are cut into staple fibers for making spun yarn | Filament tow |
| Exceptional strength, • Exceptional fire‐resistance | Aramid |
| Fabrics made from ____________ will be more expensive and of a finer quality than fabrics made from ______________. | combed yarns/worsted, carded/woolen yarns |
| Different generic fibers used within one fabric. Fibers can be separated. | Mixture |
| Bamboo and Azlon are types of | Regenerated fibers |
| Short fibers need to be twisted together to form a yarn | SPUN YARNS |
| Ratiné, Chenille, Boucle are types of? | NOVELTY YARNS |
| Soft and warmest yarn | SPUN YARNS |
| A windbreaker jacket would probably be made of this yarn | SMOOTH FILAMENT |
| Define combed | An additional step in the production of smooth, fine uniform spun yarns |
| Covered, core‐spun and filament‐wrapped are types of | COMPOSITE/COMPOUND YARNS |
| These yarns are cooler, less absorbent and are more likely to wick moisture | SMOOTH FILAMENT |
| Includes a binder, effect and core | NOVELTY YARNS |
| Used to measure spun yarns and staple fibers | YARN NUMBER: Cotton system |
| Napping twist is a small amount of twist used to produced lofty ______ yarns for fabrics that will be napped. | Spun |
| They are smooth and cool to the touch | FILAMENT YARNS |
| These yarns are subject to “grin through.” | Composite yarns |
| What serviceability concept focuses on the effect that the production, use, or disposal of a textile has on the environment? | Environmental concern |
| What serviceability concept considers how the product maintains its original appearance during use and care? | Appearance retention |
| What serviceability concept describes the manner in which the product withstands use (the length of time the product is considered suitable for the use for which it was purchased)? | Durability |
| What serviceability concept addresses the attractiveness or appearance of a textile product? | Aesthetics |
| What serviceability concept addresses the way textiles affect heat, air, and moisture transfer, and the way the body interacts with a textile product? | Comfort (and safety) |
| t are the two categories of natural fibers? | Cellulosic and protein |
| What is the only natural filament fiber? | Silk |
| Name four natural cellulosic fibers | Cotton, Flax, Kapok, Coir, Jute, Ramie, Hemp, Milkweed, Kenaf, Hibiscus, Pina, Abaca, Sisal, Henequen, Rush, Sea Grass, Maize, Palm Fiber |
| Name four natural protein fiber | Wool, Mohair, Cashmere, Pashmina, Camel Hair, Llama, Alpaca, Vicuna, Guanaco, Angora, Qiviut, Yak, Silk, Spider Silk |
| What natural fiber can be identified under the microscope by: Nodes? Scales? Convolutions? | Flax, wool, cotton |
| True or False: Manufactured regenerated fibers need to be created (they aren’t found in nature in fiber form). | True |
| What are the three major manufactured regenerated fibers? | Rayon, Acetate, Lyocell |
| What was the first manufactured regenerated fiber? | Rayon, 1911 (US) |
| What manufactured regenerated fiber would be most appropriate for a formal gown? | Acetate |
| What manufactured regenerated fiber would be most appropriate for professional business wear, leotards, hosiery, casual wear, upholstery and window treatments? | Lyocell |
| True or False: Synthetic fibers need to be created (they aren’t found in nature in fiber form). | True |
| What are the four major synthetic fibers? | Nylon, Polyester, Olefin, Acrylic |
| What was the first synthetic fiber? | Nylon, 1939 |
| What synthetic fiber can be made from recycled water/soda bottles? | Polyester |
| What synthetic fiber would be most appropriate for carpets, hosiery, and parachutes? | Nylon |
| What type of yarn is composed of short-staple fibers that are twisted or otherwise bonded together, resulting in a fuzzy yarn with protruding fiber ends? | Spun yarns |
| What type of yarn is made up of filament fibers that have not been crimped or textured? | Smooth filament yarn |
| What yarn is made of textured or crimped filament fibers? | Bulk-continuous-filament (BCF) yarn |
| What type of yarn has an irregular or unusual appearance as compared to simple basic yarns? | Fancy or novelty yarn |
| What type of yarn is regular in appearance along their length and have both staple-fiber and filament-fiber components? (usually stretchy and include covered and corespun varieties) | Compound or composite yarns |
| Definition of serviceability | is the measure of a textile product's ability to meet consumers' needs. |
| Definition of quality | refers to the sum total of product characteristics, including apperance, appropriateness for the end use, performance and interactions of materials in the product, consistency among identical products, and freedom from defects in construction or materials |
| wet spinning | fiber forming process in which the polymer is dissolved in a solvent and the solution is extruded into a chemical. |
| dry spinning | fiber forming process in which a solution of polymer dissolved in a solvent is extruded; the fiber coagulates as the solvent evaporates. |
| melt spinning | is the process of producing fibers by melting polymer chips and extruding the melt (the molten polymer) in fiber form. Coagulation occurs by cooling. |
| Properties common to all cellulosic | good absorbency, good conductor of heat, ability to withstand high temperature, low resiliency, low loft, good conductor of electricity, heavy fibers, harmed by mineral acids, attacked by mildew, flammable |
| Properties common to all protein | resiliency, hygroscopic, weaker when wet, specific gravity, harmed by alkali, harmed by oxidizing agents (bleach and sunlight), harmed by dry heat (use steam to iron), flame resistance |
| Properties common to all synthetic | heat-sensitive, resistant to most chemicals, low-moisture absorbency, oleophilic, electrostatic, abrasion resistance, strong, resilience, sunlight resistance, flame resistance, piling |
| The cross section/longitudinal shapes of the natural fibers | cotton- u shaped, wool- oval with overlapping scales, flax- poygonal |
| Why would fibers be used in a blend? | to produce a fabric with better combination of performance characteristics. |
| How would you identify a spun yarn? | the fuzzy little hairs coming off of it. |
| How would you identify a filament yarn? | cool and slick, long threads |
| How would you identify a BCF yarn? | the crimp (and also the more soft one that doesn't have frills off of it) |
| How would you identify a A novelty yarn? | they have a special characteristic like loops or frillies |
| How would you identify a composite yarn? | have the elastic core |
| What is yarn count? | the size of the yarn...indirect system (so larger number means that the yarn is smaller or more fine) |
| general properties of spun | has frills, fiber is like cotton or wool, not strong, most absorbent type of yarn, most complex process |
| general properties of smooth filament | fibers are silk-like, strong, smooth, cool, slick, least absorbent type, usually very low or high twist, least complicated process |
| general properties of BCF yarns | fibers have strength of smooth filament, but the luster and hand of spun yarn. not quite as strong as smooth filament, warmer than smooth filament, kind of absorbent, usually low twist |
| Textile | is a general term used to defer any flexible material that is composed of thin films of polymers or of fibers, yarns, or fabrics or anything made from films, fibers, yarns, or fabrics. |
| Polymer | is a very large molecule made by connecting many small molecules, or monomers, together. |
| Fiber | is any substance, natural or manufactured, with a high length-to-width ratio and with suitable characteristics for being processed into a fabric. |
| Yarn | is an assemblage of fibers twisted or laid together so as to form a continuous strand that can be made into a textile fabric. |
| Fabric | is a planar substance constructed from solutions, fibers, yarns, fabrics, or any combination of these. |
| Gray goods | is a general term used to describe any unfinished woven or knitted fabric. |
| Finish | is any process used to convert unfinished gray goods into a completed fabric. |
| Smart textiles | sense and react to the environment or stimuli of an electrical, chemical, thermal, mechanical, magnetic, or other nature. |
| Life cycle impact/analysis | examines the way the production, use, care, and disposal of a product affects the environment and the people involved with the product. |
| Staple fibers | is any natural or manufactured fiber produced in or cut to a short length measured in inches or centimeters. |
| Filament fibers | refers to fibers that are extremely long or yarns made of these fibers. |
| Tex-system | is a direct yarn0numbering system. The yarn size is the weight in grams of 1000 meters of yarn. |
| Denier per filament (dpf) | is a way of describing fiber size. Dpf is calculated by dividing the yarn size in denier by the number of filaments. |
| Crimp | is a two or three dimensional aspect in which fibers or yarns twist or bedn back and forth or around their axis |
| Loft | is the ability to spring back to original thickness after being compressed. |
| Creep | is delayed or gradual recovery from elongation or strain |
| Seed fibers | Cotton, Kapok, Coir, Jute |
| Bast fibers (stem and root of plant) | Flax, Ramie, Hemp, Milkweed, Kenaf, Hibiscus, Nettle, Bamboo |
| Leaf fibers | Pina, Abaca, Sisal, Henequen |
| Types of cotton | Long-staple fibers (Pima, Supima, Egyptian, or Sea Island), Short-staple fibers (Gossypium arboreum and gossypium herbaceum), Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) |
| Retting | is the process of bacterial rotting or decomposing the pectin in plant stems in order to remove bast fibers |
| Grading & sorting | judging a wool fleece for it's fineness and length |
| Parts of wool fiber | Medulla (honey-comb center), Para-cortex, Ortho-cortex |
| Felting | refers to a method of producing a fabric directly from wool fibers by interlocking the fibers' scales. |
| sericulture | the production of cultivated silk |
| Types of silk | Wild silk (Tussah, Duppioni), spider silk |
| Proteins in silk | fibroin |
| Extrusion | the process of forcing the dope or spinning solution through the openings in a spinneret to form a fiber. |
| Spinneret modifications and their uses | size and shape of holes- to make the fibers coarser or finer |
| Filament tow | is an intermediate stage in the production of staple manufactured fibers when manufactured fibers are produced in large bundles in filament length and crimped prior to cutting or breaking into staple fibers. |
| Parent fiber | the simplest form of a manufactured fiber that has not been modified in any way. |
| Fiber modifications and why | 1) size and shape, 2) change the fiber's structure and crystallinity to make it more durable, 3) other compound or chemicals to enhance performance, 4) spinning process may be altered, 5) two fibers can be combined (half and halves) |
| Trilobal shape | refers to a three-sided fiber cross-sectional shape that is designed to imitate silk. |
| Fiber modifications in molecular structure and crystallinity | lower pilling- reduce flex life by reducing molecular weight, Binder staple- semi-dull, crimped polyester with low melting point, Low-elongation modification- used to increase fabric strength and abrasion , Shape memory- smart textile and change shape |
| Additives and their use | Delustering, solution dye or mass pigment, whiteners or brighteners, cross-dyeable, antistatic fibers, sunlight-resistant, flame-resistant, antibacterial |
| Bi component fibers | refer to fibers made of two polymers that are chemically different, physically different, or both. |
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