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Anatomy Chapter 5

flash cards for exam 2

QuestionAnswer
Integumentary System includes: skin, sweat/oil glands, hair, and nails
our largest organ skin
divided into two distinct layers skin
two distinct layers that the skin is divided into: epidermis and dermis
lies deep to the dermis hypodermis
skin varies in thickness from _____-_____ 1.5-4.4 mm
skin accounts for _____ of body weight 7%
functions of the skin and hypodermis: -cushion and insulate deeper organs -protect body from bumps, scrapes, and cuts -protect body from chemicals, heat, and cold
the skin and the hypodermis act as _____ a mini-excretory system
the skin and the hypodermis aid in the production of _____ vitamin D
the skin and hypodermis contain sensory receptors associated with _____ nerve endings
the epidermis contains 4 main cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile epithelial cells, dendritic cells
most abundant cell type in epidermis keratinocytes
arise from deepest layer of epidermis keratinocytes
produce keratin keratinocytes
a tough fibrous protein keratin
produce antibodies and enzymes keratinocytes
dead at the skin's surface keratinocytes
layer of the epidermis only found in thick skin stratum lucidium
layers of the epidermis (in order from superficial to deep) stratum: corneum, lucidium, granulosum, spinosum, basale
deepest layer of epidermis stratum basale
layer of epidermis attached to underlying dermis stratum basale
cells actively divide stratum basale
cells that the stratum basale contains: keratinocytes, merkel cells, and melanocytes
type of cell associated with sensory nerve ending merkel cell
type of cell that secretes the pigment melanin melanoctye
spiny layer stratum spinosum
"spiny" appearance of stratum spinosum caused by _____ artifacts of histological preparation
layer of epidermis that contains keratinocytes stratum spinosum
layer of the epidermis that contains dendritic cells stratum spinosum
star-shaped cell that is a type of macrophage dendritic cell
layer of epidermis that consists of keratinocytes stratum granulosum
layer of epidermis that contains keratohyaline granules stratum granulosum
keratohyaline granules help form _____ keratin
layer of epidermis that contains lamellated granules stratum granulosum
Lamellated granules contain _____ a waterproofing glycolipid
clear layer stratum lucidium
composed of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes stratum lucidium
horny layer stratum corneum
thick layer of dead keratinocytes and thickened plasma membranes stratum corneum
protects the skin against abrasion and penetration stratum corneum
second major layer of the skin dermis
composed of strong, flexible connective tissue dermis
richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves dermis
dermis is composed of two layers: papillary layer and reticular layer
layer of the dermis that includes dermal paillae papillary layer
deeper layer of the dermis reticular layer
layer of the dermis that makes up 80% of the thickness reticular layer
located deep to the skin hypodermis
hypodermis is also called _____ superficial fascia
contains areolar and adipose connective tissues hypodermis
anchors skin to underlying structures hypodermis
helps insulate the body hypodermis
three pigments that contribute to skin color: melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
most important pigment to skin color melanin
yellowish pigment from carrots and tomatoes carotene
Caucasian skin contains little _____ melanin
allows crimson color of blood to show through hemoglobin
Created by: mel_pro4
 

 



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