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Anatomy
Anatomy Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The diencephalon consists of the | Thalamus and hypothalamus |
| The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is formed primarily by the tight junctions between | ependymal |
| Where is the corpora quadrigemina not located | Cerebrum |
| Damage to the occipital lobe of the cerebrum would most likely cause | loss of vision |
| The medullary rhythmicity center in the medulla oblongata controls | Cardiac rhythm |
| What does the Hypothalamus not function as | Control conscious skeletal movement |
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for opening the eyes | Cranial nerve 3 |
| The structures responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid | Choroid Plexuses |
| The ventricle located between the right and left halves of the thalamus is the | Third ventricle |
| A group of interneuron axons that projects from the brain stem to the cerebral cortex and helps maintain consciousness is known as the | reticular activating system |
| White matter fibers that transmit nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere are called____fibers | Association |
| The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the___. It is composed of_____matter, which means that it contains mainly nonmyelinated neurons. The surface of the cerebrum is a series of tightly packed ridges called___,with shallow grooves between them called_ | 1.cerebral cortex 2.gray 3.gyri 3.sulci |
| corpus callous White matter or Grey Matter? | White Matter |
| olive White matter or grey matter? | grey matter |
| Cerebral Cortex White matter or Grey Matter | Grey matter |
| corpora quadrigemina White matter or Grey Matter? | Grey matter |
| arbor vitae White matter or Grey matter? | White matter |
| caudate and lentiform nuclei White matter or Grey matter | Grey Matter |
| The most posterior part of the hypothalamus, which serves as a relay station for reflexes related to the sense of smell, is a pair of small, rounded projections called the | mamillary glands |
| The pineal gland secrets the hormone____,Which is thought to promote sleepiness and to help set the body's biological clock | melatonin |
| The__cranial nerve is responsible for closing the eyes | facial |
| Circumventricular organs coordinate homeostatic activites of the endocrine and nervous systems True or false | True |
| The limbic system functions in the control of behavior true or false | True |
| Hypothalamus | Regulates food and fluid intake and body temperature. Also connects to the pituitary gland via the infundibulum |
| Medulla | Cranial nerves VII-XII originate in this part of the brain and centers for control of the heart rate and respiration are located here |
| Midbrain | Cranial nerves III-IV originate in this brain part and it surrounds the aqueduct of the midbrain, and contains nuclei that serve as reflex centers for head and eye movements |
| Pons | Cranial nerves V-VII originate in this brain part and part of the brain stem; contains tracts that connect the cerebellum, midbrain, and medulla oblongata |
| Thalamus | All sensations are relayed through here |
| cerebellum | Responsible for coordination of skilled movements and regulation of posture and balance |
| cerebrum | Has two main parts, separated by a longitudinal fissure , but joined internally by corpus callous |
| Olfactory | Smell |
| Optic | Vision |
| Oculomotor | Movement of eyeball via lateral rectus muscle |
| Trochlear | Accommodation of lens for near vision |
| trigeminal | chewing |
| abducens | movement of eyeball via oblique muscle |
| Facial | Facial expression, secretion of saliva, and tears |
| Vestibulocochlear | equilibrium |
| glossopharyngeal | taste: sensations from tongue; monitoring of blood pressure and blood oxygen levels |
| Vagus | Control of secretion of digestive fluids; slowing of heart rate |
| accessory | Movements of head and shoulders |
| hypoglossal | Movement of tongue during speech and swallowing |
| Nociceptor | Receptor for pain |
| Is equilibrium classified as a somatic sense | No |
| Proprioceptive input reaches the cerebellum by which two of the following routes | anterior and posterior spinocerbeller tracts |
| Do muscle spindles monitor change in the length of a skeletal muscle | yes |
| Gamma motor neurons stimulate | Intrafusal muscle fibers |
| A change in the environment capable of activating certain sensory neurons is called a(n) | stimulus |
| Sensory receptors may be classified by location into three groups:___,____,and_____ | exteroceptors, interoceptors(visceroceptors), Proprioceptors |
| The receptors for touch, pressure, and vibration are all___-receptors, based on the type of stimulus to which they respond | Mechano- |
| Upper motor neurons of the indirect pathways begin in the___region of the brain and synapse with either lower motor neurons or______neurons | brain stem, asscoiation |
| The pain felt in the skin of the thorax and left arm during a heart attack is known as____pain. | referred |
| The axons of sensory receptors in the trunk and free limbs form the_____of the spinal cord | spinocerebellar tracts |
| The ability to recognize size \, shape and texture of an object by feeling it is known as_____ | thalamus |
| All direct and indirect motor pathways descending within the spinal cord coverage on____ | lower motor neurons in the ventral horn |
| Cold receptors are located in the epidermis | True |
| Sensitive to movement of hair shaft | hair root plexuses |
| egg-shaped masses located in the dermal papillae; plentiful in fingertips, palms and soles; receptors for discriminative touch | corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles) |
| onion-shaped structures sensitive to pressure in skin, membranes, joints and some viscera | lamellated (merkel) disc |
| dendrites that contact epidermal cells in the stratum basal of skin; function in discriminative touch | tactile (pacinian) corpuscles |
| Conveys nerve impulses from the motor cortex to skeletal muscle on the opposite side of the body for precise,voluntary movements of the free limbs, hands, and feet; upper motor neurons decussate in the medulla | lateral corticospinal tract |
| conveys nerve impulses from the vestibular nucleus (which receives input about head movements from the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear) to regulate ipsilateral muscle tone for maintaining balance in response to head movements | vestibulospinal tract |
| conveys nerve impulses from the superior colliculus to contralateral skeletal muscles that move the head and head movements | tectospinal tract |
| conveys nerve impulses from the motor cortex to skeletal muscles of head and neck to coordinate precise, voluntary movements; upper motor neurons provide input to cranial nuclei | corticobulbar tract |
| conveys nerve impulses from the reticular formation to facilitate extensor reflexes, inhibit flexor reflexes, and increases muscle tone in muscles of the axial skeleton and proximal parts of the free limbs | medial reticulospinal tract |
| conveys nerve impulses from the red nucleus (which receives input from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum) to contralateral skeletal muscles that govern precise movements of the distal parts of the free limbs | rubrospinal tract |
| conveys nerve impulses from the motor cortex to skeletal muscles on opposite side of body for movements of the axial skeletal; upper motor neurons decussate at their level of termination in the spinal cord | anterior corticspinal tract |
| conveys nerve impulses from the reticular formation to facilitate flexor reflexes, inhibit extensor reflexes, and decrease muscle tone in muscles of the axial skeleton and proximal part of the free limbs | lateral reticulospinal tract |
Created by:
baileythegr8