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chapter 3 nd 4 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solstice | the day on which this occurs |
| equinox | the days and nights over the world are equal in length |
| waether | is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location and time |
| climate | term for weather conditions at a particular location over a long period of time |
| precipitation | falling waater droplets in the form of rain, sleet, snow, and hail |
| rain shadow | the land on the leeward side |
| hurricanes | storms that form over worm, tropical ocean waters |
| typhoons | name from Asia that came from a hurricane that hit them |
| tornado | a twister with powerful funnel shaped column of spiraling air |
| blizzard | a heavy snowstorm with winds of more than 35 miles per hour and reduced visibility |
| drought | is a long period of time without rain or with very minimal rainfall |
| convection | the transfer of heat in the atmosphere by upward motion of the air |
| el nino | a natural change in the climate |
| greenhouse effect | the layer of gases released by the burning of coil and some oil traps some solar energy |
| tundra | the flat, treeless lands forming a ring around the arctic ocean |
| permafrost | the subsoil is constantly frozen |
| ecosystem | interdependent community of plats and animals |
| biome | the ecosystem of a region |
| deciduous | broad leaf trees, such as maple, oak, birch, and cottonwood |
| rain forest | a tropical zone and is covered with heavy concentration of broadleaf trees |
| coniferous | needleaf tree |
| savanna | the tropical grasland region, the flat, grassy, mostly treeless plains |
| steppe | is used to identify temperate grasslands |
| culture | the total knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group |
| society | a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture |
| ethnic group | a group that shares a language, customs, and a common heritage |
| innovation | taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet |
| diffusion | spread of ideas, inventions, or behaviors |
| cultural health | site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cultures |
| acculturation | society changes |
| dialect | reflects changes in speech patterns related |
| religion | involves belief in a supernatural powers, or in a ultimate reality, as well as expression of belief in practice |
| state | describe an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs |
| nation | refers to a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity |
| nation state | when a nation and a state occupy the same territory |
| democracy | citizens hold political power, either through elected representatives |
| monarchy | a ruling family headed by the king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with the citizens bodies |
| dictatorship | an individual or group holds complete political power |
| communism | the government owns and makes all decisions and concerning the economy, holds all political power |
| landlocked | country--one surrounded by other land and with no direct outlet to the sea |
| economy | consists of the production and exchanged of goods and services among a group of people |
| economic system | the way people produce and exchange goods and services |
| command economy | production of goods and services is determined by a central government |
| market economy | production of goods and services is determined by a demand from consumers |
| natural resources | are materials on or in the earth-such as trees, fish, or coal-that have economic |
| infrastructure | consists of the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going |
| per capita income | the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit |
| outsourcing | the gnp may reflect the value of goods or services produced in one country by a company based in another country |
| free-trade-zones | the exchanged of goods among nations without trade barriers, such as tariffs |
| urban geography | the study of how people use space in the cities |
| city | are not just areas with large populations-they are also centers of business and culture |
| suburbs | are political units touching the borders of the central city or touching other suburbs that touch the city |
| metropolitan area | the city, its suburbs |
| urbanization | the dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle |
| central business district (CBD) | the core of a city is almost always based on commercial activity |
| (GNP) gross national product | the total value of all goods and services and produced by a country over a year or some other specified period of time |
| (GDP) gross domestic product | the total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time |
| birthrate | the number of live births per thousand population |
| fertility rate | shows the average number of children a women of childbearing years would have in her lifetime |
| mortality rate | death rate/number of deaths per thousand people |
| infant mortality rate | number of deaths among infants under age one per thousand live births |
| rate of natural increase | population growth rate |
| population pyramid | a graphic device that shows sex and age distribution of a population |
| push factor | are those that cause people to leave their homeland and migrate to another region |
| pull factors | draw or attract people to another location |
| population density | the average number of people who live in a measurable area, such as a square mile |
| carrying capacity | the number of organisms a piece of land can support |
| socialism | the government controls most of the country's means of production and the distribution of goods and services |
Created by:
matthewreyes00