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BJ Chem Ch 11 Sol&Li
BJ Chem Ch 11 Solids and Liquids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electrostatic attractions between molecules | van der Waals forces |
| polar bond due to attraction between negative-to-positive aligned molecules | dipole-dipole interaction |
| polar bond between hydrogen and a highly electronegative element such as N, O, F | hydrogen bond |
| a.k.a. London forces, attractions between all kinds of molecules including polar and nonpolar | dispersion forces |
| Solids which form regular 3-D patterns with distinct edges and sharp angles | crystalline solid |
| solids without a preferred shape or pattern (rubber, asphalt, paraffin) | amorphous solid |
| heat applied to a substance that shows a temperature change | sensible heat |
| heat applied to a substance which results in a phase change and no temperature change | latent heat |
| quantity of heat required to change 1 gram of solid to a liquid with no temperature change (cal/gram or joules/gram) | heat of fusion |
| direct phase change from solid to gas | sublimation |
| a crystal's 3-D pattern which depends on the number and kinds of particles, their relative sizes, and their electrical natures. | crystal lattice |
| smallest unit of a crystal that can be used as a building block | unit cell |
| substances which can form more than one type of crystal lattice. | polymorphous |
| polymorphous elements | allotropic |
| each form of allotropic element | allotrope |
| energy that is released when gaseous particles form crystals. | lattice energy |
| the result of molecules forming an elastic 'skin' over the surface of liquids | surface tension |
| compounds which will reduce surface tension such as detergents | surfactant |
| the curved surface of some liquid in a test tube or graduated cylinder | meniscus |
| rises of liquid up a narrow capillary tube | capillary rise |
| ability to resist flowing, a.k.a. thickness and gumminess | viscosity |
| molecuses with above-average speeds which break away from liquids if they are neaar the surface | evaporation |
| amount of heat required to convert a gram of a liquid at its boiling point to its vapor at the same temperature | heat of vaporization |
| formation of a liquid from a gaseous state | condensation |
| when two processof condensation and evaporation oppose each other so that no net effect can be seen | dynamic equilibrium |
| pressure exerted by the evaporated molecules | vapor pressure |
| a physical change from the liquid state to the gaseous state that occurs when he vapor pressure of a liquid equals the prevailing atmospheric pressure | boiling |
| the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the applied pressure | boiling point |
| the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals 760 torr | normal boiling point |
| the process which seperates mixtures uses vaporization and condensation | distillation |
| Combining a series of distillation steps in a fractional distillation column is called ___ | refining |
| the highest temperature at which a gas can be liquefied | critical temperature |
| the pressure that is required to liquefy a gas at its critical pressure | critical pressure |
| the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance 1 degree C | specific heat |
| the point of temperature and pressure where all three states: solid, liquid, and gas can coexist | critical point |
| List type(s) of intermolecular forces that act between the molecules of: CO2 | dispersion forces (nonpolar) |
| List type(s) of intermolecular forces that act between the molecules of: HF | hydrogen, dipole-dipole, and dispersion |
| List type(s) of intermolecular forces that act between the molecules of: BrCl | dipole-dipole, dispersion |
| Glass is: a) amorphous b) crystalline | amorphous |
| Same? melting point/freezing point | yes |
| Same? vaporization point/boiling point | yes |
| Same? condensation point/freezing point | no |
| What type of unit crystal shape does NaCl have? | cubic |
| CaCO3 crystallized at low temperature form calcite which has a rhombohedral lattice. At high temperature they form aragonite which has an _______________ lattice. | Orthorhomic |
Created by:
MArCHChemBJ
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