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history ch 17-18
review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| progressive movement | aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in american life; goals- protect social welfare, promote moral improvement, create economic reform, foster efficiency |
| YMCA | Young Men's Christian Association- soften harsh conditions of industrialization, open libraries, sponsor classes, built pools and handball courts |
| salvation army | soup kitchens, care for kids in nurseries, instruct poor immigrants in middle class about hard work and temperance |
| florence kelley* | improve lives of women and kids- helped pass Illinois Factory Act- prohibit child labor, limit women's working hours |
| prohibition | banning of alcohol |
| women's christian temperance union | spearheaded crusade for prohibition by entering saloons, singing, praying, urging to stop selling alcohol |
| Frances Willard* | changed the WCTU into a national organization, it was the largest women group in history |
| Anti-saloon league | wanted to close saloons which angered immigrants because alcohol is part of their customs, saloons pay checks |
| eugene debs* | socialist party, believed there was uneven balance among big businesses, government, and ordinary people under the free market |
| muckrakers | people who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines |
| ida m. tarbell* | wrote about the methods of the Standard Oil Company in McClure's magazine |
| frederick winslow taylor* | came up with improving efficiency by breaking manufacturing tasks into simpler parts |
| scientific management | studies how fast each task can be performed |
| henry ford* | used assembly lines, 8 hour work days, $5 pay |
| assembly line | speed up production, required people to work like machines, not everyone worked at the same rate, many quite b/c fatigue |
| galveston disaster | hurricane destoryed the city but politicians rebuilt it so bad that legislature apointed a 5 man council of experts to take over |
| commission form of government | 5 man council appointed by legislature |
| dayton disaster | flood |
| council-manager form of gov | people elect city council to make laws, council would appoint a manager to run city dept. |
| hazen pingree* | 1st to introduce progressive reform without changing government organization |
| tom johnson* | 2nd to introduce progressive reform without changing government organization |
| Robert M. La Folletee* | "fighting bob", led way in regulating big buisness mainly railroads- taxed railroad property, set up a commission to regulate rates, forbade railroads to issue free passes |
| james s. hogg* | govenor of texas also wanting reform |
| national child labor committee | sent investigators to gather evidence of kids working in bad conditions, organized exibitions with photos and states |
| keating-owen act | prohibited transportation across state lines of goods produced with child labor |
| muller vs. oregon | argued that poor working women are more economically insecure then large corporations, women require state protection against an employer, uphold oregon law limiting women to 10 hour work days |
| louis d brandeis* | a lawyer in the muller vs oregon case |
| bunting vs oregon | court must uphold ten hour workday for men |
| initiativereferendumrecall | bill originated by the peoplevoters accept or fect the initiativevoters can remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face an election |
| seventeenth amendment | direct election of senators |
| national association of colored women | was the merger of two organization- set up nurseries, reading rooms, kindergartens |
| josephine ruffin* | led the national association of colored women |
| susan b anthony* | leading proponent of women suffrage |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| elizabeth cady stanton | help found the national women suffrage association which then joined with another group to form the national american woman suffrage association |
| national american women suffrage association | fought for suffrage |
| 3 part strategy for suggrage | convince state legislatures to grant women right to vote, pursue court cases to test the 14th amendment, push for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the vote |
| upton sinclair* | wrote the jungle- exposed greusome conditions of meat packing industry |
| theodore roosevelt* | president who campaigned his square deal- the progressive reforms sponsored by him and his administrtion |
| trustbusting | roosevelt wanted to get rid of the trusts because they were unfair business practices that hurt the common people |
| northern securities comapny | was sued by the justice dept. because they had a monopoly over NW railroads, the company was dissolved |
| sherman antitrust act | didnt allow trusts but its vague language made it hard to enforce |
| pennsylvania coal strike | miners striked demanding 20% pay rise, 9 hour workday, and a rigt to organize a union; settled with help of pres, compromise |
| interstate commerce commission | was created to enforce the act- prohibited wealthy railroad owners from colluding to fix high prices by divind businesses in a given area; commission had little power to enforce |
| elkins act | illegal for railroad officials to give/shippers to recieve rebates for using particular railroads, cant set rates without notifying public |
| hepburn act | limit distribution of free railroad passes, gave the ICC power to set max. railroad rates |
| meat inspection act | strict cleanliness requirements, federal meat inspection but gov. had to pay for inspections, didnt require companies to label goods with date of processing |
| pure food and drug act | halted sale of contaminated foods/medicines truth in labels, didnt ban harmful products |
| john muir* | naturalist/writer who roosevelt camped with in yesemite national park and persuade president to set aside 148 million acres of forest reserve |
| gifford pinchot* | head of US foreset service, conserve forest and grazing lands by keeping large tracts of federal land exempt from private sale |
| conservation | wild areas preserved while others developed for common good |
| national reclamation act/newlands act | money from sale of public lands west fund large scale irrigiation projects |
| yosemite national park | protected wildlife area, first in US |
| booker t washington* | accepted segregation, dinner with roosevelt |
| w.e.b du bois* | hated segregation, opposed views that blamed black poverty on blacks, wrote The Souls of Black Folk- opposition to washington's position |
| niagra falls conference | blacks join white reformers to form NAACP- national association for the advancement of colored people |
| william howard taft* | was handpicked by roosevelt to run for pres, republican, horrible |
| payne aldrich tariff | a compromise that only moderated the high rates of the aldrich brill |
| richard a ballinger* | secretary of interior, disapproved conservationists controls and removed 1 million acres of forest and mining lands from the reserved list and returned it to the public |
| uncle joe cannon* | house speaker, disregarded senioriy in filling committee clots, decides which bills congress considers |
| bull moose party | progressive party, roosevelt as president, wanted initiative, referendum, recall, woman suffrage, no child labor, etc |
| woodrow wilson* | democrat, "new freedom"- stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform |
| carrie chapman catt* | NAWsA president, called an emergency suffrage convention and invited wilson |
| triple wall or priviledge | trusts, tariffs, high finance |
| clayton antitrust act | strenghtned sherman antitrust act, prohibited corporations from acquring stocks of another comapny if doing so would create a monopoly, unions are legal |
| samuel gompers* | president of the american federation of labor, called clayton act a magna carta |
| federal trade commission | watchdog that investigates violations of reulatory statues requiring periodic reports from corporations, end to unfair business practices |
| underwood act | reduce tariff rates |
| sixteenth amendmnet | legalized a federal income tax by taxing individual earnings and corporte profits |
| federal reserve act | divided nation into 12 districts, established a regional central back in each district, "bankers banks" serve other banks within a district |
| federal reserve system | nations banking resources |
| boston equal suffrage association | a massachuset organization, door to door campaigns |
| maud wood park* | founded the boston group, spread message to poor and working class women, trolley tours |
| emmeline pankhurst* | british suffragist who used tactics such as heckling gov. officials, teaching american women with similar campains |
| tactics of suffrage movement | organization, close ties w local state national workers, establish wide base of support, cautious lobbying, ladylike behavior |
| nineteenth amendment | granted women right to vote |
| queen liliuokalani* | queen of hawaii 1893, "hawaii for hawaiians" |
| haoles | white foreigners who planned to overthrow monarchy |
| John L. Stevens* | US ambassador to Hawaii |
| imperialism | policy in which stronger nations extend economic, political, military control over weaker territories |
| reasons for US imperialism | desire for military strenth, thirst for new markets, belief in cultural superiority |
| Alfred T. Mahan* | urged government to build up US naval power to compete w/ others, wrote incluence of sea power upon history |
| william seward* | arranged for US to buy alaska from Russia- "seward's folly"- no one thought it was useful to buy |
| mckinley tariff | eliminated dutry free status of Hawaiian sugar -> US planters called for annexation so they wouldnt have to pay |
| sanford b. dole* | headed the hawaiian government set up when quen liliuokalani was overthrown |
| jose marti* | cuban who organized cuban resistance against spain |
| "cuba libre" | a free cuba |
| gen. valeriano weyler* | sent by spain to restore order- hearded entire rural pop. into barbed wire concentration camps |
| william randolph hearst* | owned the NY journal |
| joseph pulitzer* | owned the NY world |
| yellow journalism | exaggerating accounts in journalism |
| de lome letter | a letter from Enrique Dupuy de Lome the spanish ministe was published in the NY journal- it called president mckinley weak and a bidder |
| uss maine | went into cuba to resuce US but exploded in the havana harbor killing 260 men, US blamed spaniards |
| comander george dewey* | US commander who gave commpand to open fire at Manila- the capital of the philipines |
| emilio agunaldo* | led th filipino rebels |
| william t sampson* | set up the naval blockade of cuba, sealed the fleet inside santiago de cuba |
| rough riders | a volunteer cavalry led by leonard wood and roosevelt- they charged up san juan hill-first battle, clearing the way for the attack, became heros |
| treaty of paris | debated whether us had the right to annex phillipines, approved |
| puerto rico | feared US wouldnt give self rule, became US citizens |
| foraker act | ended miliary rule and set up a government for puerto rico |
| platt amendment | cant make treaties that would limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control its territory, right to interve in cuba, cant go into debt, US can buy/lease land on island for naval/reful stations |
| proctectoraate | country whos affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power |
| philippine-american war | filipinos revolted when US annexed them |
| open door notes(*) | John Hay* issued a series of policy statements/letters proposing nations share trading rights with US creating an open door |
| boxer rebellion | chinese who formed a secret society called the boxers- attack and killed missionaries, foreigners, chinese converts to christianity |
| anti imperalist league | its wrong to rule a contry without their consent |
| treaty of portsmouth | japan takes 1/2 island and no money, russia agrees to let japan take manchuria and korea |
| panama canal | a canal cutting across central america to reduce travel time for commerical/military ships |
| hay paunceforte treaty | gave US excluse rights to panama canal |
| philippe bunau varilla* | sent from the french compay to convince the US to buy the panama route they began to work on but then gave up |
| panamanian rebellion | rebel against columbia |
| roosevelt corollary | said that US would use force to protect economy in Latin America, speak softly and carry a big stick |
| dollar diplomacy | policy in which using US gov. to guarantee loans made to foreign companies by US businesspeople |
| mexican revolution (*) | Porfirio Diaz -> Francisco Madero -> Victoriano Huerta |
| watchful waiting | wilson waiting for his perfect moment to intervene with Mexico |
| veracruz | important mexican port that was occupied by US marines |
| venustiano carranza* | nationalist leader, president of mexico |
| Francisco Pancho Villa* | nationalist, courted support of aid, killed US enginnerrs on a train, raided columbus killing US |
| Emiliano zapata* | son of a mestizo peasant |
| john j pershing* | led US troops to find Panco Villa |
Created by:
casurfnsnowchick