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Anatomy & Physiology
Cell Structure and Cell Metabolissm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell; contains most of the DNA |
| Mitochondria | slipper-shaped organelles that produce most of the energy (ATP); called the Power Plant of the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | puts finishing touches on the protein and packages it for export from the cell |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell; contains most of the DNA |
| Mitochondria | slipper-shaped organelles that produce most of the energy (ATP); called the Power Plant of the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | puts finishing touches on the protein and packages it for export from the cell |
| Nuclear Membrane | structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | sandpaper-like structure dotted with ribosomes; concerned with protein synthesis |
| Flagellum | long hairlike projections on the external surface of the cell membrane; such as the tail of the sperm |
| Cytosol | Gel-like part of the cytoplasm |
| Cilia | short hairlike projections on the outer surface of the cell |
| Ribosomes | organelles that either are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or are free in the cytoplasm; concerned with protein synthesis |
| lysosomes | digestive organelles that "Clean House" with the cell |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) | type of endoplasmic reticulum concerned with the synthesis of lipids and steroids; does not contain ribosomes |
| Microtubules | organelles that help maintain the shape of the cell and assist the cell with movement |
| Cytosol | Gel-like part of the cytoplasm |
| Ribosomes | organelles that either are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or are free in the cytoplasm; concerned with protein synthesis |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) | type of endoplasmic reticulum concerned with the synthesis of lipids and steroids; does not contain ribosomes |
| Centrioles | rod-shaped structures that play a key role in cellular reproduction |
| Diffusion | most commonly used in transport mechanism; movement of a substance from an area higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Osmosis this type of transport mechanism: the blood pressure pushes water dissolved solute out of the capillaries into tissue spaces; Example of this type of transport mechanism is the swelling of a blood clot as water is pulled into the clot | transport mechanism in which water diffuses from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water; solute; can not diffuse |
| Filtration | a pressure gradient is the driving force for this type of transport; pushes it out by blood pressure; it catches debris and ATP; carries it from higher to lower pressure area |
| Phagocytosis | transport mechanism that engulfs a solid particle by the cell membrane; a type of endocytosis; a lysosome eats or digest a bacterium |
| Active transport pump Extracellular concentration of potassium | Transport mechanism that requires an input of energy to move molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area to an area of higher concentration; needed to move additional potassium into the cell if the intracellular concentration of potassium is |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell; contains most of the DNA |
| Mitochondria | slipper-shaped organelles that produce most of the energy (ATP); called the Power Plant of the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | puts finishing touches on the protein and packages it for export from the cell |
| Nuclear Membrane | structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | sandpaper-like structure dotted with ribosomes; concerned with protein synthesis |
| Flagellum | long hairlike projections on the external surface of the cell membrane; such as the tail of the sperm |
| Cilia | short hairlike projections on the outer surface of the cell |
| lysosomes | digestive organelles that "Clean House" with the cell |
| Microtubules | organelles that help maintain the shape of the cell and assist the cell with movement |
| Cytosol | Gel-like part of the cytoplasm |
| Ribosomes | organelles that either are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or are free in the cytoplasm; concerned with protein synthesis |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) | type of endoplasmic reticulum concerned with the synthesis of lipids and steroids; does not contain ribosomes |
| Centrioles | rod-shaped structures that play a key role in cellular reproduction |
| Diffusion | most commonly used in transport mechanism; movement of a substance from an area higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Osmosis this type of transport mechanism: the blood pressure pushes water dissolved solute out of the capillaries into tissue spaces; Example of this type of transport mechanism is the swelling of a blood clot as water is pulled into the clot | transport mechanism in which water diffuses from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water; solute; can not diffuse |
| Filtration | a pressure gradient is the driving force for this type of transport; pushes it out by blood pressure; it catches debris and ATP; carries it from higher to lower pressure area |
| Phagocytosis | transport mechanism that engulfs a solid particle by the cell membrane; a type of endocytosis; a lysosome eats or digest a bacterium |
| Active Transport Pump if the intracellular concentration of potassium is higher than the extracellular concentration of potassium | transport mechanism that requires an input of energy to move molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; needed to move additional potassium into the cell |
| Facilitated Diffusion | passive transport mechanism in which glucose is helped across the cell membrane by a helper molecule |
| Pinocytosis | in take of liquid droplets by the cell membrane; also called "Cellular Drinking" |
| Exocytosis | a protein-containing vesicle within a cell fuses with cell membrane and ejects protein |
| Crenation | shrinking of red blood cells |
| hemolysis | bursting of red blood cells |
| Hypotonic | solution that is more dilute than the inside of the cell; solution that causes the red blood cells to swell and burst; describes pure water relative to plasma |
| Isotonic | solution with the same concentration as the solution to which it is compared; normal saline |
| Hypertonic | solution that is more concentrated that inside the cell; causes crenation of a red blood cell; describes a 10% dextrose solution to plasma if a 5% dextrose solution is isotonic to polasma |
| Which of the following is characteristic of facilitated diffusion? | passive transport, "Helper" molecule, solute diffuses down its concentration gradient |
| What is the process that uses energy to move a solute from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration? | Active Transport Pump |
| Which of the following are located on the cell membrane? | microvilli and cilia |
| Perfume the skunk does "his thing". Which of the following words best indicates why you quickly become aware of Perfume's presence? | diffusion |
| Differentiation is: | the process that refers to specialization of cells |
| Which of the following best describes the cell membrane? | selectively permeable |
| Ribosomes are: | concerned with protein synthesis |
| Which of the following terms is most related to the mitochondrion? | energy-production |
| Which of the following is most related to lysosomes? | "Cleaning House" |
| Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase: | are stages of mitosis |
| Interphase and mitosis: | are two phases of the cell cycle |
| G1, S, and G2: | occur during interphase |
| Ribosome | contain membranous structure; is called rough endoplasmic reticulum, concerned with protein synthesis, forms intercellular channels that guide the movement of protein |
| Which of the following is a true statement? | the cytoplasm contains the cytosol and organelles |
| What is the underlying cause of cellular effects of aging? | cellular shrinking |
| Which of the following is most characteristic of a benign neoplasm? | well-differentiated cells |
| Which of the following words refers to the lump? | neoplasm |
| Which group is incorrect? | passive transport mechanism: osmosis, diffusion, Na or K pump |
| Which of the group is incorrect? | active transport mechanism: facilitated diffusion, osmosis, pinocytosis |
| Which of the group is incorrect? | types of endocytosis: pinocytosis and osmosis |
| DNA | double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic code; called a "Double Helix"; nucleotide that is confided to the nucleus; nucleotide that does not use Uracil in its coding; use thymine instead |
| Nucleotide | substance composed of phosphate, sugar, and base |
| Ribose | sugar found in RNA |
| Deoxyribose | sugar found in DNA |
| mRNA | nucleotide that copies from DNA in the nucleus; DNA and this nucleotide are involved in transcription; nucleotide carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
| tRNA | nucleotide that carries individual amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes for assembly along the mRNA, mRNA and this nucleotide are involved in translation |
Created by:
Bearlover