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Hematology
Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme synth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vital roles of Iron | -Oxidative metabolism -Cellular growth and proliferation -Oxygen transport and storage |
| Iron must be ___-bound | protein |
| RR of total iron concentration in body | 40-50mg |
| Two categories of iron-containing compounds in the body | Functional and enzymatic |
| 2/3 of iron in the body is found in _______ | hemoglobin |
| 2 forms of iron | transport and storage |
| about 1/3 of iron is found in | spleen, marrow and liver |
| types of transport iron | transferrin and lactoferrin |
| storage form of iron | Ferritin and hemosiderin |
| Absorption: The body needs ____ mg/day in the DIET | 1mg/ day |
| Heme iron is found in ______ | Red Meats |
| Heme iron is transported as ___ or stored as ___ | hemoglobin// ferritin |
| Predetermined set point of iron stores is maintained by shifting stores and absorption due to ________ | erythropoiesis |
| enhanced iron absorption occurs due to | bleeding, hypoxia or hemolysis |
| Diminished ___ due to starvation decreases iron absorption | erythropoesis |
| Transports iron to tissues and RBCs | Transferrin |
| Transferrin is produced in the ____ | Liver |
| transports iron to tissue fluid and cells | Lactoferrin |
| Total amount of iron that transferrin can carry | TIBC |
| Normal amount of saturation of transferrin binding sites bound to iron | 30% |
| increased saturation of transferrin binding sites bound to iron decreases ____ | iron |
| Primary storage form of iron | Ferritin |
| Ferrritin is readily available in cases of ______ | blood loss |
| Ferrtin is found in | liver, marrow and spleem |
| Ferritin is not a reliable indicator of iron stores when ____ or ____ is present | inflammation or tissue damage |
| Iron stroage primarily found in macrophages --Released slowly- not readily available for use | Hemosiderin |
| Hemosiderin stains ___ to ___ and is refractile | yellow to brown |
| Most common nutritional deficiency in the world- Underveloped countries | Iron Deficiency Anemia// lack of red meat diet |
| Most common nutritional deficiency in the world- derveloped countries (males) | Chronic GI bleed |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia causes | -inadequate intake -Inrcreased need -chronic loss |
| Clinical signs of Iron deficiency anemia | Glossitis -Koilonychia -Pica |
| strange cravings (ice, dirt, etc) | Pica |
| spooning of nails | Koilonychia |
| inflammation of lips and tongue | Glossitis |
| Stage 1 IDA red cell morphology | Normal |
| Stage 2 IDA red cell morphology | Microcytic |
| Stage 3 IDA red cell morphology | Microcytic hypochromic |
| clinical signs of IDA are shown in stage __ | 3 |
| _____ is frequently seen with IDA | Thrombocytopenia |
| ___ increases with IDA | TIBC |
| Treatment for Primary IDA | iron supplements |
| Treatment for secondary IDA | correct the cause |
| how to check for success of IDA treatment | reticulocyte count/ 1g hgb per month |
| ___ occurs in the presence of an underlying disorder | anemia of chronic disease or inflammation |
| ___ serum and ___ iron storage is seen in chronic anemia | Low serum iron but normal iron stores |
| ____ is the most common type of anemia in hospitalized patients | anemia of chronic diseases |
| Anemia of chronic diseases have an increased iron storage in ________ | marrow macrophages |
| therapy for anemia of chronic diseases | treat underlying disease to reverse |
| Presence of ringed sideroblasts in bone marrow | sideroblastic anemia |
| -increase in total body iron -Hypochromic anemia | sideroblastic anemia |
| 2 types of sideroblastic anemia | -hereditary -aquired |
| Sideroblastic anemia leads to defective ___ synthesis and ineffective _______ | heme// erythropoiesis |
| _____ is seen in acquired sideroblastic anemia due to lead poisoning | Coarse, punctuate basophilic stippling |
| _____ is seen in acquired sideroblastic anemia due to alcoholism | Macrocytes |
| Sideroblastic anemia lab findings | -Serum iron: increased -Serum ferritin: increased -Percent saturation: increased - Ringed sideroblasts in bone marrow |
| Parenchymal tissue damage from progressive iron overload --Increased iron absorption | Hemochromatosis |
| Excessive iron stores in macrophages and hepatocytes, cardiac cells, endocrine cells, and other parenchymal tissue; | Hemochromatosis |
| Hemochromatosis lab findings | serum iron: increased // No anemia |
| __ in ___ have clinical symptoms of Hemochromatosis | 1 in 5,000 |
Created by:
lindsayburch