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C2 Glossary AW
Glossary of key words for C2- Chemical Resources
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Solution with a pH of less than 7. |
| Aggregate | Gravel made of a range of particle sizes. |
| Alkali | A soluble base. A substance which produces OH- ions in water. |
| Alloy | A mixture of two or more metals- used to make coins. |
| Anion | Ion with a negative charge; they move to the anode during electrolysis. |
| Anode | Electrode with a positive charge. |
| Atmosphere | Mixture of gases above the lithosphere, mainly nitrogen and oxygen. |
| Backward reaction | The reaction which goes from right to left in a reversible reaction. |
| Balanced symbol equation | A symbolic respresentation showing the kind and amount of the starting materials and products of a reaction. |
| Basalt | A rock which forms when magma cools. |
| Base | A substance that will react with acids. |
| Boiling point | Temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas. |
| Brass | An alloy which contains copper and zinc. |
| Catalyst | Substance added to a chemical reaction to alter the speed of the reaction- it is not used up during the reaction. |
| Cathode | Electrode with a negative charge. |
| Cation | Ion with a positive charge; they move to the cathode during electrolysis. |
| Cement | The substance made when limestone and clay are heated together. |
| Composite material | A material which consists identifiably different substances. |
| Concrete | A form of artificial stone. |
| Convection current | When particles in a liquid or gas gain thermal energy from a warmer region and move into a cooler region, taking this energy with them. |
| Corrode | To lose strength due to chemical attack. |
| Covalent bond | Bond between two atoms where an electron pair is shared. |
| Crust | Surface layer of the Earth made of tectonic plates. |
| Decomposes | Chemically broken down. |
| Degassing | Gases coming out of a volcano. |
| Double covalent bond | Covalent bond where each atom shares two electrons with the other atom. |
| Electrolysis | When an electric current is passed through a solution which conducts electricity. |
| Electrolyte | The liquid in which electrolysis takes place. |
| Epicentre | The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
| Fault | A crack in the Earth’s crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other. |
| Granite | An igneous rock. |
| Forward reaction | The reaction which goes from left to right in a reversible reaction. |
| Haber process | Industrial process for making ammonia. |
| Hydrated iron (III) oxide | The chemical name for rust. |
| Igneous rock | Rock which has formed when liquid rock has solidified. |
| Ionisation | The formation of ions (charged particles) |
| Ionosphere | A reagion of the Earth’s atmosphere where ionisation caused by incoming solar radiation affects the transmission of radio waves; it extends from 70km (43 miles) to 400km (250 miles) above the surface. |
| Limestone | A sedimentary rock, made of calcium carbonate. |
| Lithosphere | The cold rigid outer part of the Earth which includes the crust and upper part of the mantle. |
| Longitudinal | In longitudinal waves, the vibration is in the same direction in which the wave travels. |
| Magma | Molten rock found below the Earth’s surface. |
| Mantle | Semi-liquid layer of the Earth beneath the crust. |
| Marble | A metamorphic rock, made of calcium carbonate. |
| Melting point | The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. |
| Metamorphic rock | Rock which has been changed after it has formed. |
| Nitrifying-bacteria | Bacteria that converts ammonia into nitrates. |
| Nitrifying-fixing bacteria | Bacteria that converts ammonia into nitrates. |
| Nitrogenous fertiliser | A fertiliser which contains a nitrogen compound. |
| Nucleus | Central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. |
| Oxidation | A chemical reaction in which a substance gains oxygen and/or loses electrons. |
| Ozone layer | Layer for the Earth’s atmosphere that protects us from ultraviolet rays. |
| p wave | Longitudinal seismic wave capable of travelling through solid and liquid parts of the Earth. |
| pH meter | A device which measures the pH of a substance accurately. |
| pH scale | Scale in which acids have a pH of below 7, alkalis a pH of above 7 and a neutral substance a pH of 7. |
| Recycle | To reuse materials. |
| Reduction | A chemical reaction in which a substance loses oxygen and/or gains electrons. |
| Reinforced concrete | Concrete with steel rods or mesh running through it. |
| Rhyolite | A rock which forms when silica rich magma cools. |
| Rust | The substance made when iron corrodes, hydrated iron (III) oxide. |
| s wave | Transverse seismic wave capable of travelling through solid but not liquid parts of the Earth. |
| Salt | A substance formed when any acid reacts with a base. |
| Sedimentary rock | Rock which has formed when fragments of older rock or living things have stuck together or by precipitation. |
| Seismic wave | Vibration transmitted through the Earth. |
| Seismometer | A device used to detect movements in the Earth’s crust. |
| Sensor | Device that detects changes in the environment. |
| Shock wave | Seismic wave that travels out from the epicentre of an earthquake. |
| Smart alloy | An alloy which will return to a previous shape. |
| Solder | An alloy which contains lead and tin. |
| Steel | An alloy which contains iron. |
| Stratosphere | A layer in the atmosphere starting at 15km above sea level and extending to 50km above sea level; the ozone layer is found in the stratosphere. |
| Subduction | Where one tectonic plate sinks below another. |
| Subsidence | Settling of the ground caused by mining. |
| Tectonic plate | A large section of the lithosphere which can move across the surface of the Earth. |
| Thermal decomposition | A reaction in which, when heated, one substance is chemically changed into at least two new substances. |
| Transerve | In transverse waves, the vibration is at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels. |
| Tsunami | Huge waves caused by earthquakes-can be very destructive. |
Created by:
Brimsham
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