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Module 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the 4 large ocean basins of the world are the | pacific, atlantic, indian, and arctic |
| the part of the earth;s crust that is covered with ocean is made up of _________ crust | oceanic |
| this is composed mainly of ________, which is relatively dene solidified lava. | bysalt |
| the part of the earth's crust that is not covered with ocean is made up of ________ crust. | continental |
| it is composed mainly of _________, which is less dense than the crust under the ocean | granite |
| the crusts float on the earth's ________ | mantle |
| the slow-flowing material that makes up the mantle is called ________ because it sometimes behaves like liquid and sometimes behaves like solid | plastic rock |
| scientists hypothesize that all the continents of the world were once part of a large supercontinent called _________. | panagea |
| the plates of the earth;s crust are believed to have drifted to their present locations via a process known as __________. | continental drift |
| there are two types of geological structures where two plates meet: a _______ system. where two plates move away from each other via the process called ______; and a _____ system, where two plates move towards each other, one dipping down into the mantle | mid ocean ridge, sea floor spreading, trench. |
| this process is called ________. | subduction |
| the geologic activity most commonly found around ridge systems is in the form of ______, and the geologic activity most often found around trench systems is in the form of _______. | earthquake, volcano |
| oceanic crust formation mostly occurs in the ______ where there is a large mid-ocean ridge. oceanic crust is destroyed mostly in the _______ where there are more deep ocean trenches. | atlantic, pacific |
| the gently sloped shallow section of the edge of a continent is called the ______. | shelf |
| this location is where most ocean life is found. the _____ is located at the point where the slope of the bottom begins to become steeper. | break |
| the steeper section of a continental edge is called the _______. | slope |
| it reaches down to a gently sloping area at the base called the _______, where debris and sediment collect. | rise |
| the deepest region of the seafloor is called the __________. | abyssal plain |
| the major property of water keeps its molecules together is ____________. | hydrogen bonding |
| this creates a flexible "skin" at the water's surface called __________. | surface tension |
| water naturally exist on earth in all three phases: solid-in the form of ____ or ______, liquid in the form of _____, and gas-in the form of ___________> | ice, snow, water, water vapor |
| when water freezes it becomes ________, allowing solid water to float on liquid water. | less dense |
| because water has a high _______, it does not change temperature very quickly despite drastic air temperature changes. | heat capacity |
| because water can dissolve more substances than most other liquids it is often called the ____________. | universal solvent |
| seawater consists of pure water with materials dissolved in it. the solids come from ____________ on land carried to the ocean by rivers. | weathering of rock |
| they also come from the mantle area of the earth, released through deep openings called ______________. | hydrothermal vents |
| ________ is a measure of the total amount of salt dissolved in a solvent. | salinity |
| evaporation will result in ______ salinity of the water left behind. | high |
| the ocean is blue because ____________ can penetrate much deeper than those of the other colors. | blue light |
| the blue color is enhanced by the reflection of the ____ on the surface. | sky |
| ________ in the ocean increases dramatically with depth. | pressure |
| for every 10 meters of depth, another _________ is added. | atmosphere |
| ________ in our atmosphere result from temperature differences caused by heat from the sun. | winds |
| they do not move in straight lines because of the ______________. | rotation of the earth |
| the major currents of the open ocean are driven by the wind. the circular patterns that result are called _________. | westerlies |
| they move ________ in the Northern Hemisphere and ________ in the Southern Hemisphere. | east to west, west to east |
| waves do not actually transport water, but they carry _______ across the water's surface. | energy |
| tidal ranges are their largest during the ______ and the ________. | full moon and new moon |
| this is because of the gravitational pull of the aligned ______ and ______. | sun and moon |
| scientists call this a __________. | springtide |
| the smaller tidal ranges is when the moon and sun are at ____________ (during quarter moons). | right angles of each other |
| this is called a ___________. | neap tide |
| cool winter temperatures cause the water temperature of the surface layer of the ocean to become colder, resulting in a _______ portion of water. | denser |
| as this portion begins to sink, it displaces the same amount of water in a deeper layer. this process is called __________. | water column |
| the surface layer of the ocean is thin and well-mixed, being exposed to _______ and _______. | waves and winds |
| it is generally ______ in temperature than the rest of the water column. | warmer |
| the ________ is uniformly cold and much thicker than the surface layer. | deep layer |
| the __________ separates them and is a transitional zone between them. | thermocline |
| the portion of the earth's crust that primarily contains basalt, is relatively dense, and is about 5 kilometers thick | oceanic crust |
| the portion of the earth's crust that primarily contains granite, is less dense than oceanic crust, and is 20 to 50 kilometers thick | continental crust |
| a process involving the movement of large plates on the earth's mantle | plate tectonics |
| a continuos chain of underwater volcanic mountains encompassing the earths | mid-ocean ridge |
| the process that creates new sea floor as plates move away from each other at the mid-ocean ridge | seafloor spreading |
| the downward movement of one plate into the earth's mantle when two plates collide | subduction |
| the gently sloped, shallow section of the edge of a continent extending from the shore to the point where the slope gets smaller | continental shelf |
| the steeper section of a continental edge, extending seaward from the continental shelf | continental slope |
| the gently sloping area at the base of the continental slope | continental rise |
| the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1.00 degree Celsius | specific heat |
| the total amount of salt dissolved in a solvent | salinity |
| the way in which the rotation of the earth bends the path of winds and resulting sea currents | Coriolis effect |
| large mostly circular systems of surface currents driven by the wind | gyres |
| a time of largest tidal range due to the gravitational pull of the aligned sun and moon (during full moon and new moon) | spring tide |
| a time of smallest tidal range due to the moon and sun being located at right angles to each other (during quarter moons) | neap tide |
Created by:
Abby Whitman