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Segmented Worms
PHYLUM: annelidia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the phyla for segmented worms? What does it mean? | Annelida--means "ringed" |
| How many species are there in this phylum? | appx. 9,000 |
| Are segmented worms free-living or parasitic? | They are mostly free-living, but some are parasitic like the leach. |
| What are metamires? What is significant about them? | The little segments the worm is divided into which is a prerequisite for the evoloution of apendages. |
| What is the scientific name for the Earthworm? | Lumbricus terrestris |
| what is the Class for the earthworm? | Oligochaeta |
| How would you tell the anterior end of the worm from the postior? | The anterior end is more pointed and darker on the dorsal side. |
| About how many segments are there on an earthworm? Will this number change? | 100-150; this number will not change |
| Are earthworms nocturnal or diurnal? | nocturnal |
| Where is the Clitellum located on the worm? What is its purpose? | between segments 32-37; used in reproduction and is close to the antirior end of te body. |
| Where is the Prostomium located on the worm's body? what is its purpose? | Located on the dorsal side of the body at the top covering the mouth; which it protects. |
| Define Setae and tell how many there are of these per segment. | on ventral side of worm: hair-like structures that are good for gaining traction; 4 per segment. |
| What is the Cuticle: where is it located? | A thin layer that covers the entire worm's external body and protects body. Absorbs and excrites gasses through the moist layer for air exchange. |
| Is a worm motile or sessile? If motile: how does it move? | Motile; they move through muscular contractions with longitudinal and circular muscles moving against each other. |
| Name seven characteristics of the earthworm: | multicellular; hetertrophs; invertebrate; 3 tissue layers; complete systems(except respitory and skeletal); bilateral symmetry; true coelon. |
| Describe the digestion process breifly of the the earthworm: | mouth to pharynx to esophagus to crop to gizzard to intestine to anus (eats phitoplanckton in dirt) |
| Does the earthworm have an open or closed circulatory sysetem? Describe it: | Closed circulatory system: blood always runs in vessels in instead of being released into an organ. |
| Describe the Circulatory System in the worm's body: | the worm has five traverse aortic arches (like hearts) between segments 7-11. Also, the worm has a dorsal blood vessel and a ventral blood vessel. (from antirior counter closkwise):V.B.V to positour to D.B.V to Aortic arches) |
| How do the nephridia help to excreite waste from the worm's body? How is the waste excreited from there? | They collect liquid waste and then pass the liquid waste to the outside by the excritory pores which are 2/segment and these pores diffuse the waste out of the body side wall. |
| Describe the process (breifly) of respiration of the earthworm: | Oxygen diffuses in and Carbon Dioxide diffueses out through the cuticle in the body side wall |
| Breifly describe the worm's nervous system's organs/characteristics: | -very primitive brain between segments 2-3 on dorsal side; ventral nerve cord with ganglia coming off of the nerve cord and coming off of the ganglia are the nerve receptors which is sensitive to light, touch, temp, and chemicals. |
| Breifly describe the earthworm's reproduction characteristics: | hermaphrodites; reproduce by cross-fertilization; it takes 2 worms in order to copulate; they reproduce at night usually after the rain. |
| What is the first step of earthworm reproduction? | 2 worms come together at the clitellum and facing in opposite directions. |
| What is the second step of earthworm reproduction? the third? | the clitellum will secrete a mucus to bond the 2 worms together(stored sperm to seminal vessicle);3: the worms exchange their own saved sperm (recieved sperm to seminal receptacle) |
| What is the fourth step in earthworm reproduction? the fifth? | 4: The clitellum secrets a chemical to seperate the worms; 5: two or three days later the clitellum is going to produce a mucus sack on the outside of the body |
| What is the sixth step in earthworm reproducion? the seventh? | By muscular contractions the sack will be moved antiriorly; 7: the sack gets to segment by the ovaries (ovaduct) takes in the egg sack (unfertilized). |
| What is the eigth step in earthworm repro? The ninth? | The sack continues to move forward and get to segment by seminal receptical which will put the mature sperm into the sack; 9:Inside the sack, external fertilization occures. |
| What is the tenth step in earthworm repro.? The eleventh? | 10: The sack continues to move forward antirourly and drops off into the soil at the head.;11: The sack hardens into a cocoon. |
| what is the twelth step in earthworm repro? | appx. three weeks later the cocoon breaks open and the young worms emerge from the sack: identical to their parents and are not parented. |
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