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LA - Vocab
LA - grade 9 - Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| plot | the action that happens in a story; how and why things happen |
| setting | the time and place of a story; this effects how the characters act and how they look |
| mood | the feeling of the story created by the auther |
| conflict | - stories are about the conflicts that characters encounter - character vs character - character vs environment - character vs him/herself - character vs society - character vs supernatural |
| 1st person point of view | the narrator is a participant in his/her own story, using the pronoun "I" and "me' |
| 3rd person onmiscient | the narrator knows everything about the characters including their thoughts |
| limited omniscient | the story is written in the 3rd person but the narrator does not know all of the thoughts and feelings of the characters; uses pronouns "he", "she", "they" |
| happy ending | protagonist achieves his or her goals |
| unhappy ending | causes you to reflect on what happened |
| indeterminate ending | a cliff hanger ending where the end is not determined |
| surprise endiing | a twist; an unexpected ending |
| round character | complex; many sided |
| stock character | a stereotypical character; nature is immediately known |
| static character | this type of character does not change throughout the story |
| dynamic/developing character | this type of character does change throughout a story |
| flat character | this is a one dimensional character with not a lot of complex characteristics |
| theme | the central purpose of the story; it is what the author is trying to get through to the reader; it is his or her statement on life |
| character | a person carrying out the action of the story |
| protagonist | the main, most important character in a story; the one who experiences the conflict |
| antagonist | any forces against the main character; it could take many forms |
| complication | any obstacles or road blocks making it difficult for the main character |
| foreshadow | giving hints as to what might happen in the future |
| flashback | the author goes back into the lives of the characters for dramatic purposes |
| dialogue | conversation between characters |
| narrator | the person who is telling the story |
| denouement | tying up loose ends after the end of the story |
| climax | it is the turning point in the story, where the conflict is solved. The story usually comes to a quick ending after |
| rising action | events and situations leading up to the climax of the story |
| falling action | any events or situations taking place from the climax to the ending of a story |
| suspense | quality in a short story that makes the reader want to read on to find out what happens next |
| initial incident/motivation | this event is the onset of the conflict |
| antecedent action | background information before the action of the story starts |
| symbolism | when something concrete represents something abstract; ex: a dove representing peace |
| fiction | this type of writing is imaginative and the stories are not real in content |
| non fiction | writing that is true, factual, and taken from real events |
| hyperbole | over exaggeration for dramatic or humorous effect; ex: I ate a mountain of pancakes for breakfast. |
| simile | comparison using the terms "like" or "as"; ex: The kite flew like a bird. |
| personification | life like characteristics given to inanimate objects; ex: The north wind wailed like a lost child. |
| onomatopoeia / imitative harmony | words that represent sound; ex: Lightning crackled overhead |
| metaphor | is a comparison of two or more things or ideas without using the words like or as; ex: The stars were diamonds in the sky. |
| alliteration | is the repeated use of the first letter or sound in two or more words set closely together; ex: The frightened fox fought fiercely. |
| irony | saying one thing but meaning the opposite; ex: The name of Britain's biggest dog was "Tiny'" |
| pun | a humorous use of a work to suggest two or more meanings; ex: A boiled egg every morning is hard to beat. |
| oxymoron | a combination of contradictory words; ex: A little pregnant. |
| ballad | are narrative poems that tell a love story, historical event, or tale of heroism; ballads are usually written in four-line stanzas, sometimes with repeating chorus called a refrain |
| rhyme scheme internal/end rhyme scheme | - the repetition of syllables - end rhyme - the most common type, is the rhyming of the final syllables of a line - internal rhyme - rhyme within a single line of verse; when a word from the middle of a line is rhymed with a word at the end of the line |
| stanza | is a division of four or more lines having a fixed length, meter, or rhyming scheme; uncommon for a stanza to have more than twelve lines |
| epic | are long, serious narrative poems, usually about a historical event |
| parody | an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect |
| haiku | this Japanese form of poetry has three lines with a syllable combination of 5, 7, 5 |
| limerick | this is a 5 line non-sense poem, with a rhyme scheme of aabba |
| lyric | this poetry expresses the poet's mood, reflections, and emotions |
| story poem / narrative | poems that tell stories |
| free verse | are poems with no rhythmical pattern or rhyme scheme; they are still poems because they express emotions and contain poetic devices and symbollism |
| blank verse | is unrhyming verse in iambic pentameter lines |
| imagery | vivid details and examples that paint a picture in the imagination |
| paradox | a statement that seems contradictory or absurd but is actually valid or true; ex: We must sometimes be cruel in order to be kind. |
| repitition | repeating the same line, usually, for emphasis |
| concrete poem | a poem whose meaning is conveyed through its graphic shape or pattern on the printed page; also called shape poetry |
| sarcasm | the use of remarks that clearly mean the opposite of what they say, made in order to hurt someone's feelings or to criticize something in a humorous way |
| understatement | opposite of hyperbole; the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is |
| odes | are lyric poems that express lofty or enthusiastic emotion; traditional odes often follow the pattern of historical poems from Greek and Latin |
| tone of a poem | is roughly equivalent to the mood it creates in the reader; the writer's implied attitude towards the subject, material and'or audience |
| prose | written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure |
| rhyming couplet | two lines that rhyme |
| allusion | an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference |
| apostrophe | a literary device is when a speaker breaks off from addressing one party and instead addresses a third party; this party many either be present or absent; it can be an inanimate object, an abstract concept or an individual |
| sonnet | a 14-line poem that follows a set rhyme scheme and a logical structure; a poem of an expressive thought or idea |
| octave | is a verse form consisting of eight lines of iambic pentameter; common rhyme scheme is abba abba |
| sestet | a stanza of six lines of poetry, especially the last six lines of a sonnet |
| topic sentence | a sentence that expresses the essential idea of a paragraph or larger section |
| persuasive | author's purpose is to influence the readers to feel strongly about something |
| narrative | a spoken or written account of connected events; a story |
| expository | a type of writing that is used to explain, inform, or even describe |
| descriptive | writing that is used to describe a person, place, or thing in such a way that a picture is formed in the readers mind |
| conclusion | is the last part of something or an opinion reached after some thought; the end or finish |
| body (supporting details) | the part of an essay, report, or speech that explains and develops a main idea |
| unity | one paragraph that is about only one main topic |
| coherence | the product of many different factors, which combine to make every paragraph, ever sentence, and every phrase contribute to the meaning of the whole piece |
| noun | is the name of a person, place, thing, quality, or idea |
| proper noun | is the name of a specific person, place or thing; ie: St. Albert |
| common noun | is the general name of a person, place, thing, quality, or idea; ie: rain, pen |
| verb | describes what is happening in the sentence. it tells what the action of the sentence is |
| auxiliaries (helping verbs) | comes before the main verb to create a verb phrase; He "was going" to the store. "was going" is the verb phrase |
| adjective | a word that describes a noun or pronoun |
| adverb | is a word that describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb. It usually tells how, when, where, or how often something is done; ie: Nancy ran "quickly." |
| conjunction | a word that joins words or groups of words: ie: and, but, or , neither, either, yet |
| interjection | the part of the speech that usually expresses emotion and is capable of standing alone; ie: Ouch! |
| pronoun | a word that takes the place of a noun |
| indefinite pronoun | ie: anybody, anyone, anything |
| preposition | is a word that show relationships in time, place, or manner. Comes before a noun, a noun and it's article or a pronoun to form a prepositional phrase; ie: into, beside, at, in, by, after, with , without |
| article | ie: the, an, a |
| subject | names what the sentence is about. The complete subject is all the words that tell what the sentence is about. It always contains the simple subject - a noun or pronoun that actually names the subject |
| predicate | tells about the subject. The complete predicate is all the words that tell what the subject is or does. Its key part is always a verb, called the simple predicate. |
| prepositional phrase | is a group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun. It is used most often as an adjective or an adverb and as such modifies a corresponding noun or verb |
| clause | is a group of words with a verb and a subject |
| phrase | is a group of two or more words that does not contain the subject and verb combination and does not form a predicate |
| independent clause | is a group of words with a subject and a predicate. It expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence |
| dependent/subordinate clause | is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone |
| simple sentence | is a sentence that has one independent clause |
| compound clause | a sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and is often joined by a conjunction |
| complex sentence | contains an independent clause |
| compound-complex sentence | contains two or more independent clauses and at least on dependent clause |
Created by:
SNT
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