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Acids & Bases
Chemistry Final
| Characteristics of an acid | tastes sour turns litmus indicator red react with metal to release H2 gas proton (H+) donor |
| Characteristics of a base | tastes bitter turns litmus indicator blue proton (H+) acceptor |
| Is water an acid or a base? | Water can act as both an acid and a base. This is called being amphoteric. |
| What is a conjugate? | the conjugate of an acid or base is the complementary base/acid on the other side of the equation. Bases have conjugate acids, and vice versa. A strong acid/base will have a weak conjugate base/acid and vice versa. |
| pH | -log[H+] |
| What does a strong acid do in water? What does a weak acid do in water? | It will completely disassociate in water. (give away all its H+s) It will only partially disassociate. ' In both situations, this will form hydronium (1 in 10 million chance) |
| What does a strong base do in water? What does a weak base do in water? | It will take all the hydrogen out of water. Will only take some of hydrogen out of water. In both cases, will form hydroxide. |
| pH levels of acids and bases | Acid < Neutral (7) < Base |
| Acid + Base = | H20 + salt |
| What does pH stand for? | power of hydrogen |
| When does neutralization occur? | When [H+] = [OH-] |
| Arrhenius Theorem | Acids contain an H+ ion, release it in water Bases have OH-, release in water |
| Bronsted-Lowry Theorem | Acids are proton (H+) donors Bases are proton (H+) acceptors |
| What prefix and suffix are used when naming acids that do not contain oxygen? | prefix: hydro- suffix: -ic |
| What prefix and suffix are used when naming acids that do contain oxygen? | prefix: none suffix: -ate -> -ic ; -ite -> -ous |
| Name HNO3 | nitric acid |
| Name HNO2 | nitrous acid |
| Give the chemical formula of hydrochloric acid | HCl |
| Name HCN | hydrocyanic acid |
| Give the chemical formula of chlorous acid | HClO2 |
| H2SO3 | Sulfurous acid |
| Explain the process of titration | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX |
| What does H2O + H2O -> H3O + OH show? | self-ionization |
| name acid-base conjugate pairs: HCl + H2O -> H3O + Cl | HCl & Cl H2O & H3O |
| name acid-base conjugate pairs: NH3 + H2O -> NH4 + OH | NH3 & NH4 H2O & OH |
| How do you convert pH to [H+]? | pH = -log [H+] |
| How do you convert [H+] to pH? | [H+] = 10^-pH |
| How do you convert [H+] to [OH-] and [OH-] to [H+]? | [H+]+ [OH-] = 10^-14 |
| How do you convert [OH-] to pOH? | [OH-] = 10^-pOH |
| How do you convert pOH to [OH-}? | pOH = -log [OH-]? |
| How do you convert pH to pOH? | pH + pOH = 14 |
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