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Imperialism
25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.5, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4, 26.5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| New Imperialism | encouraged by new economic military strength many countries (specifically Europe) started to aggressively expand |
| Direct Rule | When a country sends officials and soldiers from their own country to administer colonies in the country being imperialized |
| Indirect Rule | Sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers are in charge and children are trained so that they are growing up ready to run their country in the way the people who have imperialized them want it run |
| Imperialism | Domination of one country of the political, economic, cultural life of another country or region |
| Protectorate | Local rulers left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisers on issues such as trade and military activity |
| Sphere of Influence | An area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges |
| Describe three causes of the new imperialism | Natural resources, military bases, and nationalism |
| What were three reasons for the success of the Western Imperialism? | Weakness of Nonwestern states, strong economy, good government and military |
| How did people oppose Western Imperialism? | Some fought the invaders or tried to strengthen their own society to stay strong, and there were many nationalist movements |
| Describe three different forms of imperial rule | Colonies, protectorates, and spheres of influence |
| Asante | Traded with Europeans and muslims and controlled several smaller states but these smaller states were ready to help the Europeans defeat their leaders |
| Liberia | Independent republic where slaves from America were able to come back and settle |
| David Livingstone | Explorer who wrote about the many peoples he had studied in Africa and wanted to open up Africa to christianity and trade to help them |
| Berlin Conference | When European powers all met at an international conference to discuss how to divide up Africa and the rules to imperialize |
| Boer War | Guerilla Warfare between Britain and Boers over who got a certain piece of land where jewels were found, Britain won but at a great cost |
| Nehanda | Woman who was a military leader of the Shona in the Zimbabwe but she was eventually captured and executed |
| Menelik II | Ruler of Ethiopia who modernized his country before the Europeans could get to him and was able to defeat the Italians at the battle of Adowa preserving their independence |
| Jihad | Holy struggle to revive or purify Islam |
| Missionary | Preachers of Christianity |
| Elite | Upper class |
| Describe one development in each region of Africa in the early 1800s | North Africa had close ties to the Muslim world, West Africa was preaching Jihad and working with Muslims, East Africa improved their trading, and Southern Africa had a powerful military |
| How did European contact with Africa increase? | Through explorers and missionaries |
| Which european nations were most successful in the scramble for African colonies? | France, Britain, and Belgium for a time being |
| Describe two examples of African resistance to European imperialism | Ethiopia and multiple battles |
| Mahdi | Long awaited savior of faith who was thought to be Muhammed Ahmad |
| Young Turks | Ottoman group of Liberals who insisted that they needed to reform to save the empire and did this by overthrowing the sultan but before they could save themselves the Ottoman empire was plinked into a world war |
| Armenians | Christian people concentrated in the eastern mountains of the empire who were murdered through genocide because the Ottomans thought that they were plotting with Russians to destroy them |
| Muhammad Ali | "Father of Modern Egypt" who strengthen the country and brought many new reforms and improved the army |
| Suez Canal | Links the Mediterranean and Red Seas which gave Europeans a "lifeline" to India and was eventually sold to Britain because the ruler of Egypt was deep in debt |
| Qajars | Rulers of Iran who exercised absolute power like the Safavids before them and modernized their country but unfortunately it was not enough to save their country |
| Pasha | Provincial rulers |
| Genocide | Deliberate attempt to destroy an entire religious or ethnic group |
| Concession | Special economic rights given to foreign powers |
| How did European nations take advantage of stresses in the Muslim world? | They used diplomacy and military threats |
| Describe two problems that contributed to Ottoman decline | European pressure and war |
| How did Muhammad Ali seek to modernize Egypt? | He improved tax collection, reorganized landholding system, and improved the military |
| Why did Russia and Britain compete for power in Iran? | Russia wanted to protect its southern frontier and expand into Central America and Britain was concerned about protecting its interests in India |
| East India Company | Won trading rights on Mughal empire expanding their power and basically got rid of Indian culture and replaced it with their own |
| Sepoy Rebellion | When Sepoys went against the British and praised the last Mughal ruler as their leader but they were then murdered |
| Ram Mohun Roy | Scholar who combined Indian and Western learning so that the two may be combined and make everybody happy |
| Indian National Congress | Organized by nationalist leaders these groups of people believed in peaceful protest for a greater democracy and wanted self-rule |
| Muslim League | Wanted a Muslim government and a separate Muslim state |
| Sati | Hindu custom where the widow joins her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire |
| Sepoy | Indian soldiers who had to work anywhere due to the East India Company Rules and were upset when they had to bite off the tips of the cartridges which were made of pig which was against their religion |
| Viceroy | Indian "queen" |
| Deforestation | Cutting of trees |
| Purdah | Isolation of women in separate quarters |
| What were the causes and effects of the Sepoy Rebellion? | The cause was the British disrespecting the Sepoy's culture and the effect was lots of bloodshed and the british winning but lots of loss on both sides |
| Describe three effects of British colonial rule on India | Unequal partnership, famine, population growth |
| How did Indians differ in their views on Indian and British culture | Some believed that British power could help them and that they should try to adapt while most wanted to stay with their original culture and life |
| How did British rule lead to growing Indian nationalism? | Exposure to English ideas showed the Indians how much culture they were losing and inspired them to fight for independence |
| Opium War | British were trading Opium with Chinese who then got addicted to drug and they had to pay so much for the drug that it messed up the economy and it was outlawed which made the British mad resulting in war |
| Treaty of Nanjing | British received lots of money, Hong Kong, and China had to open five ports to foreign trade and grant British citizens in China the right to live under their own laws and to be tried in their own courts |
| Taiping Rebellion | Revolt of peasants led by Hong Xiuquan and they eventually won control of large parts of China and held onto them for 14 years but were eventually crushed by the government |
| Ci Xi | Strong willed empress who strongly believed in confucianism |
| Open Door Policy | China had to keep trade open to everyone on an equal basis |
| Boxer Uprising | Righteous Harmonious Fists tried to drive out the foreigners and go back to their old ways but were crushed almost immediately |
| Sun Yixian | Passionate spokesman for Chinese republic who wanted three principles nationalism, democracy, and economic security in the new government |
| Trade Surplus | Exporting more than importing |
| Trade Deficit | Buying more from somebody than selling |
| Indemnity | Payment for losses in war |
| Extraterritoriality | The right to be living/visiting somewhere else and still be tried under your own laws and tried in your own court |
| How did Western powers gain greater trading rights in China? | The Opium Wars and the Treaty of Nanjing |
| What internal problems threatened the Qing dynasty? | Poor public works, hardship for peasants, and corruption |
| What were the goals of Chinese reformers? | To adopt Western ways to avoid trouble but also keep some of their old traditions |
| How was the Qing dynasty replaced by a republic? | Ci Xi died early leaving the throne to a two year old boy which led to chaos which eventually led to the people taking over with Sun Yixian as president of the republic |
| French Indochina | French missionaries were converting and winning over people and were slowly gathering land and people which they eventually turned into an empire of some sort |
| Mongkut | Ruler of Siam who did not underestimate European power and was deeply invested in their culture and although he accepted unequal treaties Siam never became a European colony |
| Liliuokalani | Queen of Hawaii who was overthrown by American planters |
| Spanish-American War | Filipinos helped the Americans beat the Spanish expecting their independence in return but instead they were put under American control |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipinos when they battled the Americans who they lost too and had to modernize with but promised the Filipinos self rule in the future |
| Compare imperialist policies of the Dutch, British, and French | They played off local rivalries and used modern armies and technology to colonize much of Southeast Asia |
| What steps did Siam take to preserve its independence? | Accepted unequal treaties but it allowed for them to escape being colonized they also modernized on their own |
| Describe how the United States acquired territories in the Samoa | They secured an unequal treaty which allowed them to gain rights |
| Describe how the United States acquired territories in Hawaii | American planters took over and then added it to the US |
| Describe how the United States acquired territories in the Philippines | They won the Spanish-American War |
| Upper Canada | English traditions and laws, resented the British |
| Lower Canada | French traditions and the Catholic Church, resented the British |
| British North America Act | Created the Dominion of Canada uniting the four provinces |
| Aborigines | First people who lived in Australia and lived like the stone people |
| Maoris | People of New Zealand who fought for their land which led to many wars |
| Indigenous | Original |
| Confederation | Union |
| Dominion | Self-Governing Nation |
| What steps led to Canadian self-rule? | Dislike, Act of Union, Dominion, Expansion, Immigration, Nation |
| How did the British settle Australia? | TheyThey killed the Aborigines and just basically went about as normal |
| Why did Maoris fight colonists fight in New Zealand? | They wanted their land and to not be pushed out by foreigners |
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | Gained and lost power many times he posed as a liberal reformer but constantly changed |
| Benito Juarez | Liberal who seized the open power and opened an era of reform known as La Reforma |
| Porfirio Diaz | General of war who gained power and ruled as a dictator with harsh rule |
| Monroe Doctrine | Stated that the United States was not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers |
| Roosevelt Corollary | The United States claimed "international police power" in the Western Hemisphere |
| Regionalism | Loyalty to a local area |
| Caudillo | Assembled private armies to resist the central government |
| Economic Dependence | Occurs when less-developed nations export raw materials and commodities to industrial nations and import manufactured goods, capital, and technological know-how |
| Peonage | Hacienda owners would give advances on their wages and then they would have to stay at the hacienda until they had paid back what they owed |
| What problems faced new nations in Latin America? | Instability, foreign influence, and war |
| How did imperialism encourage economic dependence? | The Imperialists can hike up the prices whenever they need to on those imperialized to make more money |
| Describe two ways the United States influenced Latin America | In contracts and building |
| Rudyard Kipling | One of the most popular writers in English-speaking world and his stories glorified imperialism |
| Cecil Rhodes | Leading promoter of British imperialism and believed that Britain was superior to everyone else |
| Describe how money economy affected industrialized nation and traditional cultures | It broke up families and caused many to work for the government to fix debt and everyone in the family was always working |
| Describe how dependency affected industrialized nation and traditional cultures | When prices fell people suffered and there was just no way for the little countries to expand and grow when they relied so much on the big guys |
| Describe how modernization affected industrialized nation and traditional cultures | It brought a new economic system and many reforms and improvements that helped people a lot |
| How did imperialism affect cultures around the world? | It allowed for Christianity to spread, westernization took over even more, and tradition started to be replaced |
| Why did imperialism lead to increased tensions among the industrialized powers of Europe? | Because there can only be so many people on top and when every country is dependent on one jealousy is going to kick in and the people realized that the new system was not fair |
Created by:
caroline_cole