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CCRN 5.1
Cardiovascular part 1, murmurs, stenosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PEEP is measured in what | cm H2O |
| PAWP is measured in what | mm Hg |
| Calculating the PAWP on PEEP (when peep is greater than 10) | Divide PEEP by 2.72 . Then subtract the value from the recorded PAWP. |
| Wedge pressure can never be more than your _______ | PAD |
| **Two common causes of heart murmurs | FORWARD flow of blood through stiff stenotic OPEN valves, BACKWARD flow of blood through incompetently CLOSED valves |
| whenever you see the word STENOSIS, that tells you that the murmur is heard when the valve is ______ | OPEN but stenosed |
| whenever you see the word INSUFFICIENCY, that tells you the murmur is made when the valve is ______ | CLOSED but incompetently |
| Aortic area to hear murmers | Right 2nd ICS (intercostal space) |
| Pulmonic area to hear murmers | Left 2nd ICS (intercostal space) |
| Mitral area to hear murmers | Left side, 5th ICS (intercostal space) MCL (mid-clavicular line) |
| Tricuspid area to hear murmers | 4-5th ICS (intercostal space) left sternal border |
| Diastolic murmur - what are you going to hear | S1, S2, MMMMMM |
| Systolic murmur - what are you going to hear | S1, MMMMMMM, S2 |
| S1 is indicative of what? | Mitral and Tricuspid valves closing |
| S2 is indicative of what? | Pulmonic and Aortic valves closing |
| mitral stenosis murmur is heard as | rumbling |
| mitral stenosis is caused by | calcification of leaflets |
| aortic insufficiency murmur is heard as | blowing noise |
| causes of aortic insufficiency | systemic hypertension and rheumatic disease |
| aortic stenosis murmur is heard as | holosystolic (heard all over / cant hear s1 & s2) - harsh/rough radiating to neck |
| aortic stenosis is caused by | calcification of valves and rheumatic heart disease |
| mitral insufficiency is heard as | holosystolic (heard all over / cant hear s1 & s2) - blowing which radiates to axilla |
| causes of mitral insufficiency | MI, rheumatic heart disease |
| True/False: a recorded wedge with a PEEP of 10 is accurate | true. If the PEEP is GREATER than 10, the wedge is inaccurate. |
| An ectopic beat (heart electrical activity originating from somewhere other than the SA node) may be distinguishable by what QRS attribute | The QRS is wide (sometimes known as 'wide complex') when the electrical impulse starts somewhere other than the SA node |
| left bundle branch block: what would be absent in the lateral leads | Q wave - the Q wave is normally present in the lateral leads (called a septal q wave), but is absent in the case of a left bundle branch block |
| what drugs should be held 24 hours prior to a cardiac catheterization? | some antibiotics, cyclosporin, NSAIDS, metformin |
| irreversible damage to the heart happens after how much elapsed time of oxygen deprevation | 20 minutes |
| which ACS (acute coronary syndrome) would a patient have that would immediately make them a candidate for reperfusion therapy | STEMI (ST-elevated myocardial infarction) |
Created by:
mwillis