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Science Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Force | Strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement |
| Friction | The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another |
| Weight | A body's relative mass or the quantity of matter contained by it, giving rise to a downward force; the heaviness of a person or thing |
| Speed | The rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate |
| Velocity | The speed of something in a given direction |
| Acceleration | Increase in the rate or speed of something |
| Sliding Friction | The friction between two bodies that are in sliding contact |
| Rolling Friction | The force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface |
| Static Friction | Friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface on which it's resting |
| Fluid Friction | Fluid friction occurs between layers within a fluid that are moving relative to each other |
| Work | Applying a certain force to someone or something |
| Power | The ability to do something or act in a particular way |
| Gravitational Potential | Mass inside of an object |
| Energy | Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources |
| Altitude | The height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level |
| Weather | The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc |
| Atmosphere | The envelope of gases surrounding a planet |
| Water Vapor | Water in its gass state |
| Radiation | The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves move through subatomic particles |
| UV Rays | Radiation in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where wavelengths are just shorter than those of visible light |
| Infrared Radiation | Bulk of all radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum |
| Greenhouse Effect | The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, thus causing global warming |
| Scattering | The process in which electromagnetic radiation or particles are deflected or diffused |
| Optical Telescope | An astronomical telescope designed to collect and record light from cosmic sources |
| Nonoptical Telescope | An astronomical telescope designed to collect and record visible light and its wavelengths |
| Parallax | The effect where the position or direction of an object appears to differ when viewed from different positions |
| Light Year | A unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year, which is nearly 6 trillion miles. |
| Umbra | The fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object, especially the area on the earth or moon experiencing the total phase of an eclipse |
| Penumbra | The partially shaded outer region of the shadow cast by a solar eclipse |
| Gravitational Pull On Earth | 9.8m/s2 |
| Newtons First Law | Every object will remain at rest untill acted upon by an outside force |
| Newton's Second Law | F=ma |
| Newton's Third Law | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| Layers Of The Atmosphere | Exosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere |
| The Contents Of The Electromagnetic Spectrum | Infrared radiation, UV rays, visible light, gamma rays, radio waves |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy that a body possesses by virtue of being in motion |
| Potential Energy | The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors |
Created by:
maxisgreat
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