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Anatomy
Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Delivery functions of the blood | Deliver O2 from lungs to body, deliver CO2 from body to lungs, deliver nutrients from digestive tract to body, transport nitrogenous wastes to kidney or sweat glands |
| Regulatory functions of the blood | Regulates body temperature, maintains normal pH, maintains normal blood volume |
| Protection functions of the blood | Clotting, blood born immune elements prevent infection, white blood cells fight foreign invaders |
| Three classes of substances normally found dissolved in plasma | Plasma proteins, nutrients, electrolytes |
| 60% of plasma proteins; important for osmotic balance | Albumin |
| 4% of plasma proteins; important in blood clotting | Fibrinogen |
| 36% of plasma proteins | Globulus |
| Transport proteins | Alpha and beta globulus |
| Antibodies | Gamma globulus |
| Respiratory gases | O2 and CO2 |
| What is the normal life span of erythrocytes(RBC's) | 100-120 days |
| What three food nutrients normally are essential for erythropoiesis(RBC reproduction)? | Iron, vitamin B12, folic acid |
| What is the fate of aged or damaged red blood cells? | They are engulfed by macrophages in liver spleen and bone marrow |
| What is the fate of the released hemoglobin? | Iron is salvaged and stored, amino acid is conserved, balance of hemoglobin is degraded to bilirubin and secreted in bile |
| Stimuli for erythropoiesis | Hemorrhage, aerobic exercise, living at a high altitude |
| What is plasma? | Liquid part of the blood, transports soluble food molecules, waste products, hormones, antibodies |
| What are RBC? | Transport O2 |
| What are white blood cells? | The bodies defense, part of the immune system, much bigger than RBC, less, |
| What are the two types of white blood cells? | Phagocytes and lymphocytes |
| What are platelets? | They produce tiny fibrin threads, form web-like mesh that traps blood cells, harden to form clot or scab |
| What are the three specializations of RBC's? | Biconcave shape(increase surface area for more O2 carrying and flows easier), No nucleus(extra space inside), Contains hemoglobin(diffusion) |
| What is hemoglobin? | Gives blood its color, carry up to 4 O2 molecules, contains iron, function is diffusion |
| What is a monocyte? | White blood cell, provide non specific response to infection, vacuum, |
| What is a lymphocyte/ | Provide specific immune response to infectious disease and produce anti-bodies |
| What are the two types of lymphocytes/ | T cells and B cells |
| What are foreign invaders called? | Pathogens |
| What are pathogens? | Viruses bacteria or other living things that cause disease and immune responses also fungi parasites prion and protozoa |
| What are antigens? | Toxins that pathogens produce that cause harm to an organism |
| What are the four parts of immunity? | Blood, lymph nodes, thymus gland, and bone marrow |
| What are the three lines of defense? | Skin, non specific and specific |
| What is the skin defense? | Provides physical and chemical barriers, |
| What is the non specific defense? | Phagocytes, natural cell killers, inflammation, fever, pus, |
| What is the specific line of defense? | Creating anti bodies to fight specific pathogen, |
| What is primary immune response? | First exposure to a foreign invader, antibody production grows steadily for 10-15 days |
Created by:
buscehan