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HarmonicMotion/Waves
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Harmonic Motion | motion that repeats itself |
| harmony | means "multiples of" |
| cycle | the unit of harmonic motion that repeats itself over and over again |
| oscillator | a system that show harmonic motion |
| period | the amount of time for one cycle; measured in seconds |
| frequency | the amount of cycles in one secondH |
| Hertz | the unit for frequency |
| amplitude | how big one cycle is or the height of a wave |
| damping | the gradual loss of amplitude of a wave or oscillator due to friction |
| wave | a traveling disturbance that transfers energy |
| crest | the highest point of a transverse wave |
| trough | the lowest point of a transverse wave |
| wavelength | the distance between successive points on a wave; measured crest to crest or trough to trough |
| transverse | waves that vibrate perpendicular to the motion that they travel |
| longitudinal | waves that vibrate in the same direction as their motion |
| compressions | parts of a longitudinal wave where the molecules come close together and the most energy |
| rarefactions | parts of a longitudinal wave where the molecules move apart and the least energy |
| medium | the material through which waves can move through which can be a vacuum, solid, liquid, or gas |
| mechanical wave | wave that requires a medium to move thorugh |
| non-mechanical wave | wave that does not require a medium to travel through (also known as electromagnetic waves) |
| wave interference | the phenomena that results from the interaction of two or more waves |
| constructive interference | when two waves interfere to create a larger wave |
| destructive interference | when two waves interfere to create a smaller wave or cancel out |
| in-phase | when two waves' crests and troughs match up and the waves are in time with each other |
| out-of-phase | when two waves' crests and troughs do not match up and the waves are in not time with each other |
| natural frequency | the frequency at which an object naturally vibrates |
| fundamental | the first harmonic, or natural frequency, of a wave |
| harmonic | a multiple of a wave's or object's natural frequency |
| standing wave | a wave that occurs when it is trapped by a fixed end or stationary boundary |
| node | locations on a standing wave that do not move |
| antinode | locations on a standing wave that move the most |
| resonance | when one object vibrating at the same natural frequency of a second object forces the second object into vibrational motion |
| reflection | when a wave bounces off an obstacle |
| image | the result of light reflecting |
| echo | the result of sound reflecting |
| refraction | when a wave bends when it crosses a boundary at an angle |
| diffraction | when waves bend around corners or passes through an opening |
| absorption | when the amplitude of a wave gets smaller and smaller as it passes through a material |
Created by:
holtzmanscience
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