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C1.4 & 1.5 Glossary
Crude Oil, Fuels, Products from Oil Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alkane | Saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH(2n+2) . E.g. methane, ethane and propane. |
| Alkene | Unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a C-C double bond. Its general formula is CnH2n. e.g. ethane, C2H4. |
| Biodiesel | Fuel made from animal or plant products. |
| Biofuel | Fuel made from animal or plant products. |
| Cracking | The process used in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones. This occurs when the hydrocarbon vapour is either is passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam and heated to a high temperature. |
| Distillation | Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation then condensation. |
| Ethene | An alkene with the formula C2H4. |
| Fermentation | The reaction in which enzymes in yeast turn sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide. |
| Fraction | Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil. |
| Fractional Distillation | A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing and collecting the liquids. |
| Global Dimming | The reflection of sunlight by tiny solid particles in the air. |
| Global Warming | The increasing of the average temperature of the Earth. |
| Hydration | A reaction in which water (H2O) is chemically added to a compound. |
| Hydrocarbon | A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon. |
| Monomers | Small reactive molecules that react together in repeating sequences to form a very large molecule ( a polymer). |
| Polymer | A substance made from very large molecules made up of many repeating units. (e.g. poly(ethane). |
| Polymerisation | The reaction of monomers to make a polymer. |
| Propene | An alkene with the formula C3H6. |
| Saturated Hydrocarbon | Describes a hydrocarbon that contains as many hydrogens as possible in each molecule. |
| Smart Polymer | Polymers that change in response to changes in their environment. |
| Thermosetting Polymer | Polymer that can form extensive cross-linking between chains, resulting in rigid materials which are heat resistant. |
| Thermosoftening Polymers | Polymer that forms plastics which can be softened by heat, then remoulded into different shapes as they cool down and set. |
| Unsaturated Hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon whose molecules contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. |
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