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SOCL Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The objective element of a social problem | refers to the existence of a social condition |
| ________________ is the study of social life and social transformation | sociology |
| A social problem is a social condition that | a segment of society views as harmful to members of society and in need of remedy |
| Definitions of social problems | vary across societies and over time. |
| Society’s structure is made up of | institutions, social groups, statuses, and roles. |
| Which of the following illustrates part of the social structure of a society? | the public educational system |
| The ____________________ of society refers to the way society is organized. | structure |
| Sociologists define an institution as | an established and enduring social pattern of social relationships. |
| Culture includes all of the following elements EXCEPT | statuses |
| __________are social agreements about what is considered good and bad, right and wrong, desirable and undesirable. | Values |
| A ____________ is something that represents something else. | symbol |
| According to C. Wright Mills, the_________________ is the ability to see the connections between our personal lives and the social world. | sociological imagination |
| Structural-functionalists | view society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain balance. |
| A society is in a state of “anomie” when | norms are weak or in conflict with each other. |
| Which of the following theoretical perspectives reflects microsociology? | symbolic interactionism |
| Which perspective claims our identity or sense of self is shaped by social interaction? | symbolic interactionism |
| Conflict theory is more likely than structural-functionalism or symbolic interactionism to view the cause of social problems as | inequality. |
| A social problem is defined as any condition that is harmful to society. (T/F) | False |
| According to structural functionalists, social problems occur when some part of the structure or culture of a society fails to work properly. (T/F) | True |
| According to symbolic interactionists, a condition must be defined or recognized as a social problem for it to be a social problem. (T/F) | True |
| The World Health Organization defines health as | a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being |
| Which causes of death are much more common in the low-income countries than in the high-income countries? | parasitic and infectious diseases |
| Which of the industrialized nations spends the most per person on healthcare? | United States |
| How would conflict theorists explain the difference in sentencing between crack and cocaine? | People of the upper classes are more likely to use cocaine and have access to lawmaking power. |
| Mental illness is considered a “hidden epidemic” because | the shame associated with mental problems discourages people from acknowledging them |
| Negative stereotypes of people with mental illness contribute to its discrediting label or | stigma |
| The conflict perspective in sociology is likely to be concerned with the | profit motive of pharmaceutical and health care industries. |
| Which theoretical perspective focuses on the medicalization of society? | structural functionalism |
| If an individual internalizes the label of a drug user, she is likely to | continue and sometimes escalate drug use. |
| Medicare | reimburses the elderly and disabled for some health care costs |
| Medicaid is funded | jointly by federal and state governments. |
| A single payer health care system would | replace private insurance companies. |
| The structural-functional perspective is more likely than the conflict or symbolic interactionist perspective to view drug abuse as | due to the weakening of norms in society |
| As societies develop and provide better living conditions, there is a shift from | low life expectancy and predominance of parasitic and infectious diseases to high life expectancy and predominance of chronic and degenerative conditions. |
| The criminalization of opium use in the United States can be traced to which of the following? | the use of opium among Chinese immigrant laborers, who threatened white jobs |
| The most widely used and abused drug in America is | alcohol. |
| Deinstitutionalization in mental health care refers to the process of | decreasing the numbers of doctors and other health care workers who practice in mental hospitals |
| Which of the following is required for acceptance into Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous? | the desire to stop using drugs or alcohol |
| Proponents of __________ of drugs promote individual rights to make informed choices | legalization |
| _______________ is the most significant social factor affecting health | Poverty |
| According to the structural-functional theorist Emile Durkheim, crime | can strengthen group cohesion. |
| According to ______________theory, crime is likely to occur when legitimate means of acquiring culturally defined goals are limited by the structure of society. | strain |
| According to conflict theory, the more ____________ in a society, the greater the crime rate in that society. | inequality |
| According to labeling theory, one way the label of deviant causes further deviance is the labeled person | is often denied opportunities for engaging in nondeviant behavior |
| Which of the following is NOT classified as larceny? | gambling. |
| Which of the following is an example of occupational crime? | pilferage |
| Which of the following is an example of a status offense? | truancy |
| The term “racial profiling” refers to the practice of | law enforcement targeting suspects on the basis of race |
| The principle of deterrence is based on the assumption that | potential offenders weigh the costs and benefits of their actions. |
| Advocates of rehabilitation argue | criminal behavior can be reduced by changing the criminal |
| Which term refers to the total assets of an individual or household minus liabilities? | Wealth |
| The term ______ refers to the lack of resources that leads to hunger and physical deprivation. | Absolute poverty |
| _____ poverty refers to a deficiency of material and economic resources compared with some other population. | Relative |
| The United States poverty line is calculated as | 3 times the minimum cost of an adequate diet |
| A social system in which individuals get ahead and earn rewards based on their individual efforts and abilities is a | Meritocracy |
| Which of the following is an example of corporate welfare? | Low interest government loans, subsidies, and tax breaks to corporations |
| Which sociological perspective is most likely to focus on the labels attached to different groups of people based on their socioeconomic position? | Symbolic Interactionism |
| According to the text, what is the best insurance against living in poverty? | Educational attainment |
| The 2010 Supreme Court ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission ______ | Allows corporations to spend unlimited amounts of money to support or oppose political candidates |
| "Means tested programs" refer to programs_______ | That have eligibility requirements based on income |
| The concept of race refers to a category of people who | are believed to share distinct physical characteristics that are deemed socially significant |
| Genetics have discovered that | the genes of any two unrelated persons are 99.9% alike |
| Ethnicity is based on | shared cultural heritage or nationality |
| Race is | socially created |
| Which of the following best illustrates the "racial threat" hypothesis | the Chinese Exclusion Act after Chinese workers displaced whites in mining and railroad jobs |
| _______ is the belief that race accounts for differences in human character and ability and that a particular race is superior to others | Racism |
| _______ refers to the deliberate, systematic annihilation of an entire nation or people | Genocide |
| _______ refers to negative attitudes and feelings toward or about an entire category of people | Prejudice |
| According to Dr. Alan Goodman, "For race to have meaning, for race to be more than skin deep, for race to me more than a typology, one has to have _______" | Concordance |
| According to Goodman, "... sickle cell is not an African disease; it's a condition that developed in response to _____ | Malaria |
| Planned obsolescence refers to | manufacturing of products that are intended to become inoperative or outdated in a fairly short period of time. |
| Reparative therapy or conversion therapy refers to | programs dedicated to changing homosexuals’ sexual orientations. |
| Chemicals that evaporate from the soil of the tropics, ride the winds north thousands of miles, condense in the cold air, and fall on the Arctic in the form of toxic snow or rain illustrate the problem of ________________ | permeability of international borders. |
| Which perspective emphasizes the social changes in the workforce and federal programs as a result of the growing elderly population? | functionalist |
| The predominance of emotional and sexual attraction to individuals of the other sex is referred to as | heterosexuality |
| According to ________________population growth patterns are associated with industrialization. | demographic transition theory |
| According to conflict theorists, many business owners and corporate leaders support non-discrimination policies because they believe such policies would | help them maintain a competitive edge in recruiting and maintaining a productive workforce. |
| Symbolic interactionists highlight all of the following EXCEPT | older people make up a large and powerful political group. |
| The demands humanity makes on the earth's natural resources is the | environmental footprint. |
| _________________refers to negative stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination based on a person’s or group’s perceived chronological age. | Ageism |
| The ___________________generation includes adults who are caring for aging parents, adult children, and grandchildren. | club sandwich |
| Which of the following is true regarding the cause of sexual orientation? | There are no conclusive findings that can explain diversity in sexual orientation. |
| _____________________ is the generation born between 1946 and 1964. | The Baby Boomer Generation |
| Which perspective views the elderly as a special interest group that competes with younger people for scarce resources? | conflict |
| Under NAFTA’s provisions, any country that decides to ban the use of carcinogenic pesticides | can be charged by the WTO (World Trade Organization) for obstructing the free flow of trade and investment. |
| According to the structuralfunctionalist perspective, homosexual relations are defined as “deviant” because | they do not fulfill the family institution’s main function of producing and rearing children. |
| Greenwashing refers to which of the following? | the way in which environmentally damaging companies portray their products as being environmentally friendly |
| The ratio of workingage adults to adults aged 65 and older in a population is called the | elderly support ratio. |
| Biofuels are derived from | agricultural crops. |
| The most common reason for someone to switch from an antigay marriage stance to a progay marriage stance is | knowing someone who is a homosexual. |
| Structural, Symbolic, or Conflict? Why are deaths referred to as casualties? | Symbolic |
| Structural, Symbolic, or Conflict? What functions does war serve? | Structural |
| Structural, Symbolic, or Conflict? One function of war is to maintain the positions of those in power | Conflict |
| Structural, Symbolic, or Conflict? Who benefited from the Iraq war? | Conflict |
| Structural, Symbolic, or Conflict? "peacekeeper" missiles and "collateral damage" | Symbolic |
| Structural, Symbolic, or Conflict? How does war create a common enemy? | Structural |
| Structural, Symbolic, or Conflict? How does the powerful elite determine the direction of the country? | Conflict |
| Structural, Symbolic, or Conflict? How do international market fores impact the decisions of the United States to wage war? | Structural |
| Structural, Symbolic, or Conflict? Are decisions to join a branch of the military more affected by the selectivity of the branch of service of the prestige of special military units such as rangers, seals, etc? | Symbolic |
| President Eisenhower coined the phrase_____________ | Military Industrial Complex |
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