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Psych Ch 11
Ivy Tech Psych 1 Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people | Social Psychology |
| refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others. | Person Perception |
| people’s tendency to attend to and remember what they learned first. (Has to do with first impressions in this chapter) | Primacy Effect |
| – A generalization about a group’s characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another | Stereotype |
| A way that stereotypes can influence individual’s, a phenomenon where expectations cause individuals to act in ways that serve to make the expectations come true. | Self-Fulfilling Prophecy |
| Theory that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior | Attribution Theory |
| Dimension of attribution theory, Attributions include causes inside and specific to the person, such as his or her traits and abilities. Attributions include causes outside the person, such as social pressure, aspects of social situation, and the weather | Internal/External Causes |
| Dimension of attribution theory, is the cause relatively enduring and permanent, or is it temporary? Did Aaron blow up at his girlfriend because he is a hostile guy or because he was in a bad mood that day? | Stable/Unstable Causes |
| Dimension of attribution theory, we perceive that he have power over some causes (for instance, by preparing good food for a picnic) but not others (rain on picnic day). | Controllable/Uncontrollable Causes |
| – observers overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations when they seek explanations of another person’s behavior. | Fundamental Attribution Error |
| – Observer’s overestimation of the degree to which everybody else thinks or acts the way they do. | False Consensus Effect |
| An individual’s fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about his or her group | Stereotype Threat |
| The tendency to take credit for one’s own successes and to deny responsibility for one’s own failures. | Self-Serving Bias |
| The process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others. | Social Comparison |
| are our feelings or opinions about people, objects, and ideas. How a person feels about the world. | Attitudes |
| A person’s psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts | Cognitive Dissonance |
| Bem’s theory on how behaviors influence attitudes, stating that individuals make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their behavior | Self-Perception Theory |
| Unselfish interest in helping another person | Altruism |
| Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity; to gain self-esteem; to present oneself as powerful, competent, or caring; or to avoid social and self-censure for failing to live up to society’s expectations | Egoism |
| helping another person because we want to increase the chances that the person will return the favor someday | Reciprocity |
| A feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another person | Empathy |
| The tendency for an individual who observes an emergency to help less when other people are present than when the observer is alone | Bystander Effect |
| Social behavior whose objective is to harm someone, either physically or verbally | Aggression |
| Physical or verbal behavior that directly harms another person | Overt Aggression |
| Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person | Relational Aggression |
| A change in a person’s behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard | Conformity |
| Refers to the influence other people have on us because we want to be right | Informational Social Influence |
| the influence others have on us because we want them to like us. | Normative Social Influence |
| Behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority | Obedience |
| Experiment where "teacher" is deceived into thinking they are actually shocking "learner" for getting questions wrong. "Teacher" is only subject being monitored for willingness to continue with experiment when "learner" pretends to be hurt. | Milgram’s Obedience Experiment |
| Experiment where subjects are placed in "fake" set-up prison, and guards are given free reign over prisoners and encouraged to demoralize prisoners. Experiment to see how ruthless and far a human will go. | Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment |
| The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group | De-individuation |
| Imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas. The effects of others on our behavior | Social Contagion |
| – Improvement in an individual’s performance because of the presence of others | Social Facilitation |
| Each person’s tendency to exert less effort in a group because of reduced accountability for individual effort | Social Loafing |
| The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members | Risky Shift |
| – is the solidification and further strengthening of an individual’s position as a consequence of a group discussion or interaction | Group Polarization Effect |
| The impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony | Group Think |
| Theory that social identity is a crucial part of self-image and a valuable source of positive feelings about oneself | Social Identity Theory |
| we think of the group to which we belong, a group that has special value in comparison with other groups | In group |
| A group to which an individual does not belong to, a group that has no special value to the individual | Out group |
| The tendency to favor one’s own ethnic group over other groups | Ethnocentrism |
| An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual’s membership in a group | Prejudice |
| an unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because the person belongs to that group | Discrimination |
| a person’s conscious and openly shared racist attitudes | Explicit Racism |
| racial attitudes that exist on a deeper, hidden level | Implicit Racism |
| The phenomenon that the more we encounter someone or something (a person, a word, an image), the more likely we are to start liking the person or thing even if we do not realize we have seen it before | Mere Exposure Effect |
| Type of adult attachment, has positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, not overly concerned or stressed about romantic relationships. Enjoy sexuality in a committed relationship and are less likely to have one-night stands. | Secure Attachment Style |
| Type of adult attachment, Individuals are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner | Avoidant Attachment Style |
| Type of adult attachment, these individuals demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous, and possessive | Anxious Attachment Style |
| Love with strong components of sexuality and infatuation, often predominant in the early part of a love relationship; also called passionate love | Romantic Love |
| Love that occurs when an individual has a deep, caring affection for another person and desires to have that person near; also called Companionate Love | Affectionate Love |
Created by:
rwalters32