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Psych Ch 10
Ivy Tech Psych 1 exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world | Personality |
| How do the Psychodynamic perspectives view personality? | Believe that "BEHAVIOR IS ONLY A SURFACE CHARACTERISTIC" and that to truly understand someoneâs personality, we have to explore the symbolic meanings of that behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. |
| According to Freudâs Psychoanalytic (Psychoanalysis) theory â What is sex/sex drive? | "MOST IMPORTANT MOTIVATOR" of all human activity |
| According to Freud’s Psychoanalytic (Psychoanalysis) theory What is the main determinant of personality? | human sexual drive |
| Freud developed ________, his approach to personality, through his work with patients suffering from hysteria. | psychoanalysis |
| Freud’s structures of Personality | ID, Ego, and Superego |
| Freud’s part of the Ice burg that consist of unconscious drives and is the individual’s reservoir for sexual energy. | ID |
| the Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality | EGO |
| The Freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior; what we often call conscious. | Superego |
| Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. | Defense Mechanisms |
| the most primitive defense mechanism, in which the ego simply refuses to acknowledge anxiety producing realities. | denial |
| Defense mechanism, in which we see in others impulses that what we most fear or despise in ourselves. | Projection |
| the most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism, it pushes unacceptable id impulses back into the unconscious mind | Repression |
| Creating an acceptable but incorrect explanation of a situation | Rationalization |
| directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target | Displacement |
| Thinking about something logically or coldly and without emotion. | Intellectualization |
| Doing the opposite of what you would really like to do | Reaction Formation |
| is a special form of displacement in which the person expresses an unconscious wish in a socially valued way, such as a boxer who uses his aggressive drive in the ring. | Sublimation |
| parts of the body that have especially strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development. | Erogenous Zones |
| Psychosexual stages of personality development | Oral stage, Anal stage, Phallic stage, Latency period, Genital stage |
| the infant’s pleasure centers on the mouth. Chewing, sucking, and biting are the chief sources of pleasure that reduce tension in the infant | Oral stage – (first 18 months) |
| during a time when most children are experiencing toilet training, the child’s greatest pleasure involves the anus and urethra and their functions. | Anal stage – (18-36 months) |
| Freudâs 3rd stage, pleasure focuses on the genitals as the child discovers that self-stimulation is enjoyable. | Phallic Stage â (3-6 years) |
| this phase is not a developmental stage but rather a kind of psychic time-out. After the drama of the phallic stage, the child sets aside all interest in sexuality. Freud thought during this time no psychosexual development occurred. | Latency Period (stage) – (6 years – puberty) |
| Stage of sexual reawakening, a point when the source of sexual pleasure shifts to someone outside the family. | Genital Stage â (adolescence and adulthood) |
| A boyâs intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother. | Oedipus Complex |
| Jungâs term for "EMOTIONALLY LADEN IDEAS AND IMAGES" in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people. | Archetypes |
| Jungâs term to identify a common archetype, the "PASSIVE FEMININE SIDE" | Anima |
| Jungâs term to identify a common archetype, the "ASSERTIVE MASCULINE SIDE" | Animus |
| The third of Jung’s terms to identify a archetype, the public mask that we all wear during social interactions. Believes this allows us to keep some secret part of ourselves hidden from others | Persona |
| Adler’s view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life. | Individual Psychology |
| Rogers construct referring to the individuals need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively no matter their behavior. | Unconditional Positive Regard |
| The standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others. | Conditions of Worth |
| How does a person reconnect with his or her true feelings and desires? | Experience a relationship with three essential qualities: unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness |
| A Theory stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to lead to characteristic responses | Trait Theories |
| 1 of Big 5 factors of personality, related to liberal values, tolerance and creativity. Imaginative or practical, interested in variety or routine, independent or conforming | Openness to Experience |
| 1 of Big 5 factors of personality, key factor in a variety of life domains. Organized, or disorganized, careful or careless, disciplined or impulsive | Conscientiousness |
| 1 of Big 5 factors of personality, more likely than others to engage in social activities, experience gratitude, and show a strong sense of meaning in life. Sociable or retiring, fun-loving or somber, affectionate or reserved. | Extraversion |
| 1 of Big 5 factors of personality, related to generosity and altruism to reports of religious faith and to more satisfying romantic relationships. Softhearted or ruthless, trusting or suspicious, helpful or uncooperative. | Agreeableness |
| 1 of Big 5 factors of personality, related to feeling negative emotion more often than positive emotion in ones daily life and to experiencing more lingering negative states. Calm or anxious, secure or insecure, self-satisfied or self-pitying | Neuroticism |
| Theoretical views stressing that the way to understand the person is to focus on his or her life history, aspects that distinguish the individual from everyone else. | Personological and Life Story Perspectives |
| Theoretical views emphasizing conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals. | Social Cognitive Perspectives |
| Theory that emphasizes the reciprocal influences of behavior, environment, and mental factors. | Banduras Social Cognitive Theory |
| The way behavior, environment, and cognitive factors interact to create personality. | Reciprocal Determinism |
| A sense of behavioral control coming from inside the person | Internal Locus of Control |
| A sense of behavioral control coming from outside the person | External Locus of Control |
| View that behavior is discriminative, a person looks at each problem and responds accordingly, that personality and behavior often vary considerably from one context to another. | Mischel's "SITUATIONISM" View |
| Mischel’s theoretical model for describing that individual’s thoughts and emotions about themselves and the world affect their behavior and become linked in ways that matter to that behavior. | Cognitive Affective Processing Systems (CAPS) |
| Theory that views introversion and extraversion as characteristic behavioral patterns that aim to regulate arousal around the individualâs baseline level | Eysenckâs Reticular Activation System Theory |
| Quiet, reserved, passive personality. Above optimal level of arousal. Keeping distractions to a minimum, being alone and reading quietly activities | Introversion |
| Outgoing, social, dominant personality. Below optimal level of arousal. Seeking out distractions, spending time with friends, listening to loud music activities | Extraversion |
| Most commonly used method for measuring personality characteristics. Also called an objective test or an inventory, a method of measuring personality characteristics that directly asks people whether specific items describe their personality traits | Self-Report Test |
| This is the name for a problem with self-report tests. Individuals say what they think the researcher wants to hear or what they think will make them look better | Social Desirability |
| The extent to which a test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring | Face Validity |
| A type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items of two groups that are known to be different in some central way | Empirically Keyed Test |
| The most widely used and researched empirically keyed self-report personality test. | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
| A personality assessment test that presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or tell a story about it, to assert their own meaning onto the stimulus | Projective Test |
| A famous projective test that uses an individual’s perception of inkblots to determine his or her personality | Rorschach Inkblot Test |
| A projective test that is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual’s personality | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
Created by:
rwalters32