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(Un)Employment
Unemployment and Employment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Unemployed | Persons 16 years or older who have looked for work in the last four weeks and are not currently employed |
| Employed | People who have worked at least one hour in the last two weeks |
| Labor Force | Employed+Unemployed |
| Unemployment rate | The percentage of the labor force not currently employed |
| Labor force participation rate | The percentage of the working age population classified as either employed or unemployed |
| Employment to population ratio | The percentage of the working age population that is classified as employed |
| Marginally attached workers | People who have conducted a job search in the past twelve months but have not searched in the last twelve weeks |
| U1 | Includes U3, and people unemployed 15 weeks or longer |
| U2 | Includes U3, and people who have lost their jobs |
| U3 | Official unemployment rate |
| U4 | Includes U3, and discouraged workers |
| U5 | Includes U3, and marginally attached workers |
| U6 | Includes U1-5, and part-time workers |
| Frictional employment | When people voluntarily enter the work force, in between jobs they are qualified for |
| Structural Unemployment | Job seekers whose skill sets are not in demand |
| Creative Destruction | When old technologies and industries die out due to innovation, freeing resources for new technologies and industries |
| Efficancy wages | Wages that exceed equilibrium market wage |
| Cyclical unemployment | Contractions in the business cycle |
| Full employment | When cyclical employment is not present in the economy |
| Natural rate of unemployment | The level of unemployment the economy maintains independent of inflation |
| Discouraged Workers | Unemployed people who have given up searching |