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Chapter Fifteen
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Common Law | A system of law based on precedent and customs |
| Precedent | a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case |
| Statute | a law written by a legislative branch |
| Plaintiff | a person or party filing a lawsuit |
| Defendant | an individual or group being sued or charged with a crime |
| Felony | a serious crime such as murder, rape, kidnapping, or robbery |
| Misdemeanor | a relatively minor offense such as vandalism or stealing in expensive items |
| Larceny | the unlawful taking away of another persons property with the intent of never giving it back |
| Robbery | the taking of property from a person's possession by using force or threats |
| Burglary | unlawful entry into any dwelling or structure |
| Lawsuit | a legal action in which a person or group sues to collect damages or some harm that is done |
| Tort | wrongful acts for which an injured party has the right to sue |
| Libel | written untruths that are harmful to someones reputation |
| Constitutional Law | branch of law dealing with formation, construction, and interpretation of constitutions |
| Stare decisis | the practice of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding cases |
| writ of habeas corpus | a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding that person |
| bill of attainder | a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court. |
| ex post facto law | a law that would allow a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed |
| due process of law | procedures established by law and guaranteed by the constitution |
| search warrent | a court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspects home or business and take specific items as necessary |
| double jeopardy | putting someone on trial for a crime on which he or she was already acquitted for |
| grand jury | a group of citizens that decides whether there is a sufficient evidence to accuse someone of the crime |
| plea bargaining | negotiation between the defense attorney and the prosecutor. |
| bail | a sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns his or her trial. |
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