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Building Blocks of M
Atomic structure/periodic table
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Xenon has atomic number 54. According to the periodic table, what can be concluded about its electrons and relative reactivity? | Xenon has a full outer shell of electrons which makes it nonreactive. |
| The first electron shell's capacity is two electrons. The second shell can hold eight. The third shell can hold 18. According to the periodic table, how many electrons does sodium (Na) have in its third shell? | 1 electron |
| What most determines the chemical properties of an element? | Its available valence electrons. |
| Which state of matter is described by widely spread-out particles, moving freely and energetically? | Gas |
| What can molecules of a substance do in their liquid state compared to their solid state? | Move more freely , molecules able to pass by each other |
| Which statement about materials is most correct? a) All forces, energy and physical substances are made from atoms. b) All materials are made of only one kind of atom. c) All materials are made from atoms. | C) All materials are made from atoms. |
| Which pair of elements is most likely to have the most similar chemical properties? a) magnesium (Z=12), oxygen (Z=8) b) chlorine (Z=17), argon (Z=18) c) zinc (Z=30), cadmium (Z=48) | C) |
| What represents most of the density of an atom? | nucleus |
| What represents most of the volume of an atom? | the electron cloud |
| Electrons orbit the nucleus in paths of various shapes, creating a "cloud" of negative charge. What is this called? | Electron cloud |
| The smallest bit of matter that is carbon is a) a carbon electron b) a carbon proton c) a carbon atom d) a carbon neutron | C) a carbon atom |
| Einsteinium has atomic number 99. In order to be electrically neutral, how many electrons does it have? | 99 (Protons and electrons must be equal in order to cancel each other out) |
| What force keeps the electrons orbiting the nucleus? | Electromagnetic force |
| Although they contain smaller parts, the "basic building blocks" of matter are considered to be the a) protons b) atoms c) molecules d) electrons | B) atoms |
| Which forces act only within the nucleus? | Strong force and weak force |
| If you have a sample of a substance and all its atoms are the same, what is this sample? A) molecule B) compound C) element | Element |
| In their liquid states, the molecules and atoms of a substance are ________ closely packed than in a solid and can move __________ freely than in a gaseous state. | Less; more |
| Not really "indivisible", matter is made of smaller and smaller particles. What represents the smallest unit of a given element? | atom |
| How are the particles in a solid arranged? | They are densely packed. |
| What does the structure of an atom consist of? | A nucleus containing protons and neutrons; the nucleus is surrounded by electrons |
| Neutral atoms contain the same number of what? | protons and electrons |
| Isotopes of the same element each have the same number of ____________ with different numbers of __________. | protons; neutrons |
| How does the effect of the electromagnetic force in the nucleus compare with its effect on the atom as a whole? (What does it do in the nucleus and outside the nucleus?) | Inside the nucleus it pushes protons apart. Outside the nucleus it attracts the nucleus and the electrons so that the electrons orbit around the nucleus. |
| What causes the largest variation in the atomic masses of various isotopes of an element? | different numbers of neutrons |
| What subatomic particles combine to form atoms? | electrons, protons, neutrons |
| What holds the atomic nucleus together? | strong force |
| What effect does heating a material generally have on its atom? | It gives the atoms more kinetic energy. |
| Lithium has an atomic number of 3. Where is most of the mass located? | neutrons |
| The most common form of argon, atomic number 18, has 40 nucleons. What is the charge of the nucleus of an argon atom? | +18 |
| If you move diagonally across the periodic table from the top right to the bottom left, the number of ____________ always increases. | protons |
| Atom #1 has 11 neutrons, 11 protons and 10 electrons. Atom #2 has 12 neutrons, 11 protons and 11 electrons. What can be concluded from this information? | They are the same element. |
| Helium-4 is the most abundant form of helium in Earth's atmosphere, it has two neutrons. How many electrons does it normally have? | two |
| Atoms are typically electrically ________ unless ionized. | neutral |
| Arranged in increasing order of how quickly their particles move, the states of matter are: | solids, liquids, gases |
| In which group (#) are the elements generally most reactive? | Group 1 |
| What qualifies an element as a noble gas? | Having a filled outermost shell without bonding or ionization |
| In general, how are elements with similar chemical properties grouped on the periodic table? | In columns. |
| Periodic tables are often color coded. What do elements whose symbols are colored similarly share? | Chemical properties |
| Which electrons of an atom are available for chemical reactions? | the valence electrons |
| The chemical properties of an element can be best predicted by_________. | location of the periodic table |
| In what way are the elements of the periodic table not arranged? A) by chemical properties B) by number of protons C) by electron configuration D) by order of discovery | D) by order of discovery |
| What particles are involved in chemical reactions? | The outermost electrons |
| What are electron shells? | Different energy levels and spaces where the electrons can exist |
| Which group of the periodic table is the least reactive? | Group 18 |
| Why are elements in Group 1 more reactive than elsewhere? | They are 1 or 2 electrons away from having a stable electron configuration. |
Created by:
PBHS Physical Science Harris