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C1.1 Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as an element. |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons (which equals the number of electrons) in an atom. It is sometimes called the proton number. |
| Compound | A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded together. For example water, H2O, is a compound made from hydrogen and oxygen. |
| Covalent Bond | The attraction between two atoms that share one, or more, pairs of electrons. |
| Covalent Bonding | The attraction between two atoms that share one, or more, pairs of electrons. |
| Delocalised Electron | Bonding electron that is no longer associated with any one particular atom. |
| Dot and Cross Diagram | A drawing to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons only of the atoms or ions in a substance. |
| Double Bond | A covalent bond made by the sharing of two pairs of electrons. |
| Electron | A tiny particle with a negative charge. Electrons orbit the nucleus in atoms or ions. |
| Electronic Structure | A set of numbers to show the arrangement of electrons in their shells or energy levels. E.g. the electronic structure of a potassium atom is 2,8,8,1. |
| Element | A substance made up of only one type of atom. An element can not be broken down chemically into any simpler substance. |
| Energy Level (or Shell) | An area in an atom, around its nucleus, where the electrons are found. |
| Shell (or Energy Level) | An area in an atom, around its nucleus, where the electrons are found. |
| Gas | A state of matter. |
| Inert | Unreactive. |
| Ion | A charged particle formed by the loss or gain of electrons. |
| Ionic Bond | The electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. |
| Ionic Bonding | The electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. |
| Liquid | A state of matter. |
| Mass Number | The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Mixture | When some elements or compounds are mixed together and intermingle but do not react together. (i.e. no new substance is made). A mixture is not a pure substance. |
| Molecule | A group of atoms bonded together, e.g. PCl3. |
| Neutron | A dense particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It is electrically neutral, carrying no charge. |
| Nucleus ( of an atom) | The very small and dense central part of an atom which contains protons and neutrons. |
| Product | A substance made as a result of a chemical reaction. |
| Proton | A tiny positive particle found in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Reactant | A substance we start with before a chemical reaction takes place. |
| Solid | A state of matter. |
| State Symbol | The abbreviations used in balanced symbol equations to show to show if reactants or products are solids (s), liquids (l), gases (g) or dissolved in water (aq) |
| Symbol Equation | A balanced chemical equation showing the formula of each reactant and product in the reaction. E.g. H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl |
Created by:
willocka
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