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The cells of most eukaryotes have between 10 and which number of chromosomes?
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The __________ molecule within each chromosome occurs as a single, double-stranded fiber which extends the entire length of the chromosome.
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Biology
Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The cells of most eukaryotes have between 10 and which number of chromosomes? | 50 |
| The __________ molecule within each chromosome occurs as a single, double-stranded fiber which extends the entire length of the chromosome. | DNA |
| Chromatin, the structural component of eukaryotic chromosomes is composed of which of the following? 1.Ribosomal subunits 2. DNA 3.Protein 4.Individual nucleotides | DNA and protein |
| During the five phases of ___________, the replicated genetic material is partitioned into __________ new nuclei. | Mitosis and two |
| In what cells does cytokinesis involve the formation of a cell plate? | Plant cells |
| What chromosomes consist of two slightly different copies of the same chromosome. | Homologous chromosomes |
| In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, such as humans, for example, the production of new cells follows a highly regulated sequence of growth, DNA replication, and division. This sequence is referred to as the __________ __________. | cell cycle |
| What is a key issue in the cell cycle? | Chromosomes must be properly replicated and sorted to new daughter cells |
| In an organism that is _________, the members of a pair of chromosomes are called homologues. | diploid |
| What are features that vary among chromosomes? | staining properties, location of the centromere, size, length of two arms |
| What is the first stage of mitosis? | Prophase |
| The diploid number of chromosomes for humans is__________. | 46 |
| There are different ways to fit a long strand into a small volume (condense it). In living cells, DNA is compacted so that it fit in the nucleus of the cell. The compaction is achieved because DNA strands are ___________. | coiled |
| The number of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. | varies considerably between different species |
| Gamete are haploid. Haploid means that the cells contain how many sets of chromosomes? | one |
| When the cells of an organism carry two sets of chromosomes, that organism is said to be __________. | diploid |
| Fruit flies have the shortest known animal cell cycle because they lack which of the following stages? | G1 and G2 |
| What is the shortest phase of mitosis? | Anaphase |
| Cytokinesis is plant cells involves the formation of an internal membrane called cell ____________ which starts in the interior of the cell and extends out of the plasma _____________. | plate and membrane |
| What cells form spindle apparatus during division, but do not utilize centrioles in the formation of said spindle apparatus. | plant cells |
| The division of the cytoplasm to produce two distinct daughter cells is referred to as __________. | cytokinesis |
| During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow and copy its chromosomes in preparation for cell division? | Interphase |
| During interphase, what is the name of the phase that occurs after the replication of DNA and before the start of mitosis? | G2 |
| The complex of DNA and histone proteins is called a _______. | nucleosome |
| Replicated chromosomes consists of what? | Two identical DNA molecules which are held together by cohesins |
| During metaphase, the microtubules attached to the centromere region of the condensed chromosomes are which of the following types of microtubules? | Kinetochore |
| Centromeres occur at a specific location along a _________. | chromosomes |
| Centrioles are replicated during which of the following phases? | G2 |
| Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by microtubules attached to their ______________. | kinetochores |
| During prophase, a bridge of __________ forms between centrioles that have reached opposite poles of the cell. | microtubules |
| At the beginning of which of the following phases do the centromeres of sister chromatids split apart allowing sister chromatids separate from each other? | anaphase |
| In actively dividing cells, the g1.S, and G2 phases are collectively known as which of the following? | Interphase |
| Condensation of chromosomes is initiated in the __________ phase of interphase and continues until the end of prophase. | G2 |
| Nuclear division occurs after ____________ in most fungi and some protists. | mitosis |
| The German biologist, Walter Flemming, was the first to microscopically observe which of the following processes? | mitosis |
| The ____________ apparatus is broken down during telophase. | spindle |
| Mitosis is a dynamic, _____________ process, and not a set of discrete steps. | continuous |
| The pairs of sister chromatids align themselves in a single row along plane half-way between the poles during which of the following phases of mitosis? | metaphase |
| _____________ is the phase of the cell cycle when the cell divides into two equal halves. | cytokinesis |
| Maximum compaction of the chromosomes occurs when solenoids are coiled around which of the following? | Protein scaffold |
| Identify the phase of mitosis during which centrioles start to move apart forming an axis of spindle fibers between them. | prophase |
| The _________ plate is a plane half way between the poles. | metaphase |
| During __________ in mitosis, the nuclear envelope re-forms to produce two separate nuclei. | telophase |
| During anaphase B, microtubules slide past each other pulling the poles anchored to them away from the center of the cell. At the same time, chromosomes are also pulled apart because | a different set of microtubules attaches the chromosomes to the poles |
| During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes replicated? | S phase |
| In most fungi and some protists, the nuclear membrane does not break down before mitosis, therefore, mitosis takes place within the ______________. | nucleus |
| The coiling of DNA around histone cores is the result of? | Electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged DNA molecule and the positively charged histone core |
| Cytokinesis in _____________ cells involves the formation of a cleavage furrow around the cell. | animal |
| Describe the location of asters? | They are not present in plant cells |
| The nuclear envelope breaks down during the formation of the _____________ apparatus. | spindle |
| The centromere as an attachment site for a group of proteins that form the _____________. | kinetochore |
| What phases in the cell cycle is considered a resting phase? | G0 |
| During telophase, chromosomes uncoil to allow for gene ___________. | expression |
| What microtubules are necessary for sorting the chromosomes in cell division? | the kinetochore microtubules |
| The separation of __________ chromatids during anaphase which results in the partitioning of genetic material are the most significant events in _________. | sister and mitosis |
| During cytokinesis in plants, the newly formed cell plate in coated with? | cellulose |
| What phase does the spindle apparatus form? | prophase |
| In the cell cycle, the M phase consists of ______________ (division of the nucleus) and _____________ (the cell divides into two daughter cells). | mitosis and cytokinesis |
| Consider the overall cell cycle of a human cell. During the different phases of ___________, chromatids are separated and sorted so that each daughter cell receives 46 chromosomes. | mitosis |
| The aster is thought to secure the centrioles against the ____________. | membrane |
| At the end of the __________ phase, chromosomes are fully extended and uncoiled. | S |
| Some cells, such as muscle and nerve cells, remain permanently in which of the following phases of the cell cycle? | G0 phase |
| Nuclear ___________ occurs after mitosis in most fungi and some protists | division |
| Nucleosomes are further compacted into coils that are called? | solenoid |
| ___________ ____________, such as, dynein may provide the force for the movement of chromosomes. | motor proteins |
| What is the method of compaction used to allow DNA strands to fit into the nucleus of the cell? | coiling |
| After a chromosome is replicated, how do we refer to it and its chromatids? | One chromosome made of two sister chromatids |
| When does cell division take place? | after mitosis |
| DNA contained within a eukaryotic nucleus is said to resemble a string of ______________. | beads |
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458Jenna