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Define "salt"
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Why don't anions such as Cl- and NO3- combine with H+ when placed in water?
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CHEM 0330

7.8 - Acid-Base Properties of Salts

QuestionAnswer
Define "salt" Ionic compound Breaks up into ions when dissolved in water - ions move independently in dilute solns.
Why don't anions such as Cl- and NO3- combine with H+ when placed in water? Conjugate bases of strong acids are extremely weak, so these anions don't have much affinity for [H+].
Why don't cations such as K+ or Na+ affect pH? Conjugate acids of strong bases are extremely weak, so these cations don't produce (or attract) H+
T/F Salts that consist of the cations of strong bases and the anions of strong acids have no effect on [H+] when dissolved in water. True
Aqueous solutions of salts such as KCl, NaCl, NaNO3, and KNO3 have a pH of ... 7. -Cl belongs to a strong acid, Na+ belongs to a strong base, and so on.
For any weak acid and its conjugate base, Ka x Kb = Kw
For any salt whose cation has neutral properties (ex. Na+ or K+) and whose anion is the conjugate base of a weak acid, the aqueous solution will be ... basic.
How do you predict whether a solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral if both ions affect the pH of the aqueous solution? See if Ka or Kb is larger. If Ka is larger, it'll be acidic. If Kb is larger, it'll be basic.
Explain pH and characteristics. KCl, KNO3, NaCl, NaNO3 Anions belong to strong bases, making them negligible. Cations belong to strong bases, making them also negligible. pH is 7.
Explain pH and characteristics. NaC2H3O2, KCN, NAF Cations belong to strong bases, making them negligible. Anions belong to weak acids, meaning the conjugate bases are strong, meaning the solution will be basic.
Explain pH and characteristics. NH4Cl, NH4NO3 Cations are acids. Anions belong to strong acids, making them negligible. Acidic solution.
Explain pH and characteristics. NH4C2H3O2, NH4CN Anions are the conjugate bases of weak acids. Cations are acids. If Ka > Kb, then the solutions were acidic. If Ka < Kb, then the solutions were basic.
Explain pH and characteristics. AL(NO3)3, FeCl3 Hydrated cation acts as an acid. Anion has no effect on pH b/c they're the conjugate bases of strong acids. Acidic solution.
Predict whether an aqueous solution of each of the following salts will be acidic, basic, or neutral. NH4C2H3O2 NH4 is a weak acid, so it has a strong conjugate base. C2H3O2 is the strong conjugate base of a weak acid. HOWEVER, Ka = Kb, so the solution is neutral.
Predict whether an aqueous solution of each of the following salts will be acidic, basic, or neutral. NH4CN NH4 is a weak acid. CN is the strong conjugate base of a weak acid. So it'll be basic.
Predict whether an aqueous solution of each of the following salts will be acidic, basic, or neutral. Al2(SO4)3 Solution will contain Al(H2O)6 3+ and SO4 2- ions. Ka is 1.4 x 10^-5 and Kb can be found by taking Kw and dividing by Ka2 for sulfuric acid. Kb = 8.3 x 10^-13 So, it'll be acidic.
Created by: lldm21
 

 



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