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Diagnostics
TEST 4 study guide and toward FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pulmonary Function Test | A Test that a Physician orders to evaluate the lung volume and capacity . (blowing out as hard as you can); checks for COPD, asthma |
| Deflections | Electrical __impulses___ of the cardiac cycle that produces a series of waes with peaks and valleys on a _electrocardiogram__ . |
| Somatic | An ECG tracing for a pt who is shivering may have these types of waves that are an interference shown on the tracings. |
| Atrial Fibrillation | an _atrial arrhythmia__ that is caused by a rapid, multiple electrical signals that fire from areas in the atria other than the SA node. |
| Doppler | Type of Echocardiography in which the speed and direction of blood flow thru the heart can be assessed is ___________ echocardiography |
| Electrocardiography | the PROCESS by which a graphic pattern is created from the electrical impulses generated in the heart as it pumps |
| Which node shows the electrical impulses for muscle contraction, giving the atria time to contract completely and fill the ventricles with blood? | AV node |
| Which node is the primary pacemaker of the heart and transmission of electrical impulses in the heart begin here? | Sinoid |
| Electrocardiogram | RECORD of the heart waves of electrical impulses responsible for the cardia cycle |
| electrocardiograph | the INSTRUMENT that measures and displays the electrical impulses responsible for the cardiac cycle |
| artifacts | Extraneous marks of deflection |
| wandering baselines | Shift in baseline |
| causes of wandering baselines | Somatic interference and a variety of mechanical problems. |
| V1 precordial leads are located where? | Fourth intercostal space, right of breastbone |
| V2 precordial leads are located where? | Fourth intercostal space, left of of breastbone |
| V3 precordial leads are located where? | Midway between V2 and V4 |
| V4 precordial leads are located where? | Sternum |
| V5 precordial leads are located where? | Armpit/ |
| Doppler Deflections | Type of Echocardiography in which the speed and direction of blood flow thru the heart can be assessed is _______ echocardiography |
| Atrial fibrillation | This arrhythmia is _irregular _ and is caused by rapid, multiple electrical signals that fire from areas in the atria other than the SA node. |
| Somatic | An ECG tracing for a pt. who is shivering may have ______ interference, as shown in tracing in book p. _710_ |
| Pulmonary | A physician will order a _____________ function test to evaluate a patient’s lung capacity and volume. (blowing out as hard as you can); checks for COPD, asthma |
| Deflections | Electrical impulses of the cardiac cycle that show peaks and valleys on a electrocardiogram (2x mentioned) |
| What is an erroneous mark or defect that may appear on an ECG strip? | |
| Poor skin preparation (without alcohol, too much lotion), dangling wires or talking, breathing movements can cause _____________ baseline | Wandering baselines |
| V1-V6 leads- Which precordial electrode is located by counting the 4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum | V1 |
| V1-V6 leads- Which precordial electrode is located by counting the 4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum | V2 |
| V1-V6 leads- Which precordial electrode is located in the fifth intercostal space, where it intersects an imaginary line drawn straight down the middle of the clavicle1 | V4 |
| V1-V6- Which precordial electrode is located or placed in the fifth intercostal space, directly below the middle of the armpit (mid-axillary line) | V6 |
| The 24 hour ECG, asseses the electrical activity of a pt’s heart ) What is the primary pacemaker of the heart You are attempting to record an ECG for Mr. Affleck, a 72 year old pt. who has Parkinson’s disease. Knowing this you aut | Holter Monitoring |
| Pt. teaching instructions for a Holter monitor- Instruct the pt. to record all activities, emotional upsets, physical symptoms, and _______________ taken during the 24 hr. period. | Medications taken |
| What can cause extraneous marks on ECG tracing? Paper clips or detached wiring? | Use of paperclips; NOTa wandering baseline… just extraneous marks |
| What order do the waves or deflections that occur in ECG tracings? | P,QRS, T, U |
| Which wave is a small upward curve that represents the sinoatrial (SA node) impulse, wave of depolarization through the atria? P or Q? | P |
| Which interval represents the time it takes for the ventricles to contract and then recover or repolarize? (referring to the beginning time of contraction) Q thru T(Q-T), or P thru R(P-R) | Q-T interval |
| The time between contraction of the ventricles and RECOVERY? | S-T segment |
| The impulse or wave that travels through both ventricles is the___ wave (Putting a standard is like putting up a little square blocker-FYI | S |
| When pressed, which of the following should cause the stylus to move up 10mm (10 small squares) and remain therefore 0.08 (2 small squares or 2 mm across)? a) Sensitivity control b) Speed selector c) Stylus temp control d) Standardization control | b. |
| If a pt. has a wandering baseline, and you can smell a fragrant smell, most likely the pt. put on __________ which would cause a problem and you would have to apply ________ to the area to re-prep the skin | |
| When and if you see an ___interference, it can be possibly form an X-ray machine, what would be the solution for this to get a clearer reading. | AC; move to the next room or another room |
| What is the primary pacemaker of the heart | SA node |
| If a pt. has Parkinson's you should automatically place the limb leads close to the trunk. However if the tracing looks like it has an interference. What artifact is present and | There can be somatic interference; wait until tremors subside,.Parkinson’s can sometimes cause involuntary tremors that may not be entirely removed from the tracing by repositioning the limb leads and wait a few minutes for tremors |
| If there is a full tracing on an ECG and then one lead shows a flat line, and the pt. is still aware and breathing, what might that be? | A loose or disconnected wire |
| Wandering baselines can be caused by | Lotions, residue on the skin, so prepare the skin properly with isopropyl alcohol |
| Erroneous mark or defect that may appear on an ECG strip | Artifacts |
| What would you include when preparing the room and equipment for an electrocardiogram? | Select a room in which all electrical equipment is turned off |
| Which of the following would you do to alleviate a patient’s anxiety about having an electrocardiography? | Encourage the patient to ask questions and verbalize her concerns and it is painless |
| What is the preparation for a PFT? | Instruct the pt. to slightly elevate the chin and slightly extend the neck |
| Which of the following is a small upward curve that represents the SA node impulse, wave of depolarization through the atria, and resultant contraction? | P wave |
| Electrodes for the limb leads should be attached where? | Fleshy portions of the limbs |
| PVC or premature ventricular contractions | Premature heartbeats that originate from the ventricle instead of the SA node and KNOW what it looks like on a lead |
| Exercise ECG | Measures the pt’s response to a constant or increasing workload |
| Normal pulse oximetry | 97% |
| Low oxygen | Hypoxemia |
| How often should a pulse oximetry be moved if put on long term | 4 hours |
| What are the word parts encephalo, myo, cardio, neuro, gastro | Within head, muscle, Heart, nerve, stomach |
Created by:
Wcflores007