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Bio III Practical #2
Primitive Chordates
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four characteristics exhibited by all chordates? | Pharyngeal gill slits, a notochord, a post-anal tail, and a dorsal hollow nerve chord. |
| Is the sea squirt monoecious or dioecious? | monoecious |
| What animal does the larval stage of the tunicate resemble? Are they considered plankton? | a tadpole ; yes |
| What is the unique behavior of the tunicate heart (include directional specifics)? | It has a tubular heart that reverses the direction of blood flow every few minutes, from dorsal to ventral and vice-versa. |
| Specifically name the polysaccharide material of which the tunic of a sea squirt is made. | cellulose |
| Tunicates usually reproduce how? | By asexual budding |
| Do tunicates live as colonies? Do they share bodily openings? | Yes to both |
| In sea squirts, can the anus be seen as a separate opening to the body? | No, wastes are expelled through the excurrent siphon after being excreted from the anus, which is inside the body. |
| Do tunicates have a brain? | yes |
| What is the name of the chamber within the tunicate anatomy that fills with water after water passes through the gill slits, but before the water is ejected from the excurrent siphon? | the atrium |
| In lancelets, what is another name for the blocks of muscle that straddle the notochord and dorsal nerve chord? | myomeres |
| What are four features of development exhibited by all deuterostomes? | The blastopore becomes the anus, radial cleavage, indeterminate cell development, the coelem forms from "out pocketing" or "pinching off" of the archenteron or gut. |
| Do all chordates exhibit segmentation? | yes |
| What is the genus name of sea squirts? | Ascidia (should be italicized) |
| In cepalochordates, how many of the features exhibited by all chordates are still present in the adult? | All of them |
| Which subphylum of chordates is the closest relative to vertebrates? | cephalochordata |
| What is the name of the structure inside the mouth of cephalochordates that is responsible for pulling water into the body? Is this structure ciliated? What structure prevents large particles from being pulled into the mouth? | The wheel organ ; yes ; buccal (oral) cirri |
| Does the lancelet have a dorsal fin? Does the fin have a ray? Does it have a ventral fin? A tail fin? | yes to all |
| What is the name of the structure in lancelets that houses the gill slits and gill bars? | The pharynx |
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