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Learning Review
Learning Review for Individual and Society
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A learning process in which a previously neutral stimulus evokes a specific response by being REPEATEDLY PAIRED with another stimulus that evokes the response. | Classical Conditioning |
| A stimulus produces a behavior which is an UNLEARNED | unconditioned response |
| A stimulus which has NO PRIOR EFFECT on a person | Neutral stimulus |
| A stimulus which previously had no prior effect on a person now becomes associated with a response | Conditioned Stimulus |
| The RESPONSE which is associated with the CONDITIONED STIMULUS is a | Conditioned Response |
| A learning process in which behavior can be strengthened or weakened by consequence | Operant Conditioning |
| INCREASE the probability of behavior occurring again because of THE ADDITION of a pleasant reward | Positive Reinforcement |
| INCREASE the probability of an occurrence due to the REMOVAL of an unpleasant stimulus. A common example is putting on a seatbelt in order to stop the beeping. | Negative Reinforcement |
| Stimulus that WEAKENS behavior due to consequence | Punishment |
| Behavior increases | Reinforcement |
| Behavior decreases | Punishment |
| Desired behavior is reinforced after a SPECIFIC NUMBER. For every 4 donuts, you get 1 free. | Fixed Ratio |
| Reinforcement after a desired behavior, but a DIFFERENT NUMBER each time. You *can* try to increase the chances of the reinforcement happening by buying more lottery tickets, pulling the slot machine more, etc. | Variable Ratio |
| Never knowing when the reinforcement will happen, ANYTIME | Variable Interval |
| Reinforcement when a SPECIFIC TIME has passed if desired behavior has occurred | Fixed Interval |
| Behavior stops when there is no longer reinforcement | Extinction |
| Behavior is WEAKENED AND/OR STOPS because of the ADDITION of a consequence. A common example is receiving a speeding ticket. Ideally, the driver will not speed again because they've received a ticket. | Positive Punishment |
| Behavior is WEAKENED AND/OR STOPS because something has been REMOVED. A common example is a student's cell phone taken away by security. Ideally, their use of the phone in class will decrease because the phone was TAKEN AWAY. | Negative Punishment |
| Positive (in psychology) | Something added |
| Negative (in psychology) | Something removed |
Created by:
Mvalentinowohs