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APES Water Pollution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the characteristics of the Chesapeake Bay & why is it important to the study of this chapter? | The chesapeake bay is an estuary that receives fresh and salt water- lots of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sediment, Anthropogenic chemicals Variety of pollutants that can impact aquatic ecosystems |
| Differentiate and Give examples of point and non point source pollution | Point- Sewage Pipe Non Point- rainwater that runs over hundreds of square kilometers |
| What are the dangers of human waste water entering a body of water? | Wastewater decomposition makes water more fertile, wastewater can carry a variety of disease causing organisms |
| what is BOD and how does it impact water ecosystems | Biochemical Oxygen Demand, the amt of oxygen a quantity of water uses over a period of time at a specific temp |
| How is the dead zone characterized? | Little Oxygen & Little Life |
| Cultural Eutrophication | W – leaching of nutrients from fertilized agricultural lands Y - algal bloom X - fish die-off |
| What % is 1.1 billion people in the world? (This # represents the # of people who dont have access to safe water supplies) | 1/6 |
| What indicator species is typically used when testing for human wastewater contamination? | Fecal Coliform Bacteria |
| What are environmental advantages of septic tanks? | No electricity needed |
| What might a water treatment facility do to decrease cultural eutrophication from the effluent released by the facility? | Tertiary treatments to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the waste water |
| How are bacteria beneficial to waste water treatment facilities? | They consume sludge |
| Why is arsenic so harmful to groundwater supplies? | Associated with cancers of the skin, lungs, kidneys and bladder, |
| What health threat is caused by old plumbing systems in older homes? | Lead- fetuses and infants are sensitive to it and exposure can damage the brain, CNS, & kidneys |
| Manufacturing cement often releases what pollutant? | Mercury |
| Coal burning emits what heavy metal? | Mercury |
| Why is mercury especially dangerous to the general public? | works up through the aquatic food chain and bioaccumulates |
| What means of acid deposition can result from SO2 emmissions? | Acid Rain, Snow and Dry Acid Deposition |
| Low PH in bodies of water can be result of what? | Underground mines flood with groundwater, producing hydrogen and iron ions and becoming basic |
| What carcinogens are produced from the production of plastic? | Polychlorinated biphenyls |
| Name the substance responsible for egg development in male fish | pharmaceutical drugs |
| What are the components in rocket fuel that affect the thyroid gland? | Perchlorates |
| What is the floating material in the North Pacific Gyre? | Trash |
| How does erosion and sedimentation decrease productivity and affect filtering organisms in waterways? | Prevents sunlight and reduces productivity, clogs fish gills. |
| What is the advantage of cooling water in an industrial process? | Prevents thermal shock for an ecosystem |
| What target species is most affected by noise pollution? | Whales |
| The federal water pollution control act of 1948 was the precursor to what legislation? | Clean Water Act |
| Safe Drinking Water Act | Establishes standards for safe drinking water |
| Clean Water Act | supports protection of fish, shellfish, wildlife, recreation in and on water |
| MCL of 0 allowed by the EPA in drinking water | Guardia and Fecal Coliform Bacteria |
| Green Wastewater treatment processes utilize what features? | Use a system of greenhouses and wetlands to purify waste water |
| Why is Chattanooga more susceptible to pollution? | geography traps pollutants |
| 6 criteria air pollutants | SO2, CO, NOx, O3, PM2.5 PM10, PB |
| What impact does SOx have on life? | respiratory irritants, harms plant tissues, sulfuric acids harm aquatic life and vegetation |
| What is a secondary pollutant involved in photochemical smog? | ozone |
| what pollutants bong with hemoglobin | carbon monoxide |
| Anthropogenic sources of nitrogen oxides? | fossil fuel combustion, wood, biomass burning |
| What would haze in the amazon basin be result of? | |
| Smog in metro areas like LA is known as brown smog and primarily consists of? | ozone |
| Why are sulfates secondary pollutants? | because they convert in the presence of sunlight, water and oxygen |
| What is the sequence of events of acid deposition | primary pollutants transform to secondary pollutants and the resulting ions cause acid deposition |
| What pollutant from vehicle emissions has been removed with catalytic converters? | nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide |
| What are the sulfur allowances provided for in the acid rain program of the clean air act? | 10.3 Million Metric Tons |
| 99% of incoming _____ is absorbed by stratospheric ozone? | UV B and UV C radiation |
| How do CFC's affect ozone production? | Chlorine in stratosphere breaks down the ozone, |
| Montreal Protocol | Reducing CFC Production by 50% in 180 countries in 2000 |
| Differentiate between stratospheric and tropospheric ozone? | stratospheric ozone is good while tropospheric ozone is not. |
| Sulfur dioxide | SO2, Coal, oil, and gasoline, respiratory irritant, harms plant tissue, harmful to aquatic life |
| Nitrogen Oxide | NOX, all combustion in the atmosphere, respiratory irritant, leads to photochemical smog, harmful to aquatic life, leads to agal blooms |
| Carbon monoxide | CO, incomplete combustion of any kind, bonds to hemoglobin causes headaches, can cause death |
| Particulate matter | PM10, PM2.5 combustion of coal oil and diesel, and biofuels such as manure and wood, agriculture road construction, and other activities that mobilize soot. |
| Lead | PB, gasoline additive, oil and gasoline coal, old paint, impairs the CNS, at low concentrations can have measurable effects on learning and ability to concentrate |
| Ozone | O3, a secondary pollutant formed by the combination of sunlight, oxygen, vocs and NOx |
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