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Chapters 7 &11
Principles of Exposure, Image Quality, Radiobiology & Rad safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Conventional (British system) radiation unit for measuring patient dose is the ___________ | Sievert |
| What is the conventional (British system) radiation unit to express radiation intensity in air _______ | Roentgen |
| The unit of the SI system used to measure the ionization of dry air by an x-ray beam is ________ | R |
| The unit commonly used to report occupational dose to radiation workers in the US is ________ | REM |
| What is conventional (British system) radiation unit of absorbed dose? __________________ | GREY |
| Temporary molecules & parts of molecules that form because of radiation interacting with water and are toxic to human tissue are called _________ | Free Radicals |
| What are "free radicals"? _______________ | pieces of broken DNA or toxic, temporary molecules that form as a result of an x-ray interaction with water |
| What is a direct hit? _________________ | Breakage of DNA molecule as a result of an interaction w/an x-ray photon |
| Which of the following types of radiation effect is typical of the risk to a patient undergoing a diagnostic x-ray examination? | Stochastic effects or (Genetic effects) |
| Which of the following is a stochastic radiation effect? _________________________ | breast cancer |
| Which of the following occur with high radiation dose? ___________ #1 Stochastic effects #2 Short term somatic effects #3 Nonstochastic effects A. 1 & 2 B. 1 &3 C. 2 & 3 D. 1,2,3 | A #1 and #2 |
| When radiation exposure occurs during pregnancy, greater the risk of birth defects occurs when exposure #1 to the uterus exceeds 5 rad, #2 Occurs within first trimester of pregnancy, #3 Occurs within third trimester of preg | A 1 and 2 only |
| which are the prime factors of exposure in radiography? A density,contrast,recorded detail&distortion B density,contrast,distortion,kilovoltage C mAs,kilovotage,density,distance(SID) D Milliamperage, exposure time, kilovoltage,distance SID | D milliamperage, exposure time, kilovoltage, and distance (SID) |
| The unit used to indicate the total qty of x-rays in an exposure is A mAs B SID C kVp D volts | A mAs |
| If image were made using 500 mA, 0.1 secs & 75 kVp, what would the mAs be for this exposure? | 50 mAs |
| 2 exposures made using technical factors Image A: 500mA,0.05secs,72kVp B:200mA,0.125secs,72kVp Which image would have greater density? A. Image A greater density B. Image B would exhibit greater density C Image A&B exhibit equal density | Checking |
| which of the following will result in increased radiographic density? #1 Increased mA #2 increase exposure time #3 increased kVp A 1&2 B 1&3 C 2&3 D 1,2,3 | A 1&2 only |
| The mass density of the radiographic subject is referred to as: A Radiographic density B Tissue density C Radiographic contrast D Subject contrast | B tissue density |
| Density is primarily controlled by varying the A mAs B kVp C SID D OID | A milliamperes mAs |
| The difference in density btwn adjacent portions of the image is called A Tissue density B Sharpness of detail C Radiographic recorded detail D Radiographic contrast | D radiographic contrast |
| Contrast is primarily controlled by altering A. Milliamperage B Exposure time C Kilovoltage or D mAs | C Kilovoltage |
| When an image demonstrates considerable differences btwn densities, the image is described as A poor quality B high quality C poor constrast D. High constrast | D high contrast |
| When an image demonstrates only few densities, bu there r large differences btwn adjacent densities, the image is described as having A short scale contrast B Long scale contrast C. Low contrast D increased recorded detail | B long scale contrast |
| A low kVp setting produces an image with a A. long scale of contrast B a short scale of contrast, C High recorded detail D a low level of contrast | B a short scale of contrast |
| The unsharp, fuzzy appearance of margins of structures within the radiogrphic image is called A fog B distortion C penunbra D umbra | A penumbra |
| A change from the small focal spot to a large focal spot will result in A decreased image sharpness B magnification C distortion D increased contrast | A decreased image sharpness |
| With a large OID, reduction of excessive magnification is accomplished by A incr the SID B increasing the kVp C Decreasing the SID D. decreasing the kVp | C increasing the SID |
| An increase in OID will result in A increased magnification B increased image sharpness C loss of contrast D. increased radiographic density | A increased magnification |
| Motion of the patient, the tube, or the IR during the exposure will result in decreased A contrast B Distortion C Radiographic density D recorded detail | D recorded detail |
| If a radiographic image appears blurred, what aspect of image quality is affected? A density B Contrast C Recorded detail D distortion | recorded detail |
| If a radiographic images appears blurred, which exposure factor would be used to correct this problem A decrease in SID B Decrease in exposure time (secs) C Increase in exposure time (secs) D. increase in OID | both b and c are correct answers but put "b" |
| Which quality factor is a key to visibility of detail? A SID B focal spot size C density D contrast | D contrast |
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aprilstreet