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EMT ch-8
Patient assesment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| accessory muscles | secondary muscles of respiration |
| auscultate | listen to sounds within an organ with stethoscope |
| AVPU scale | a method of assessing the level of consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli or pain, or unresponsive; used principally early in the assessment |
| blood pressure | the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries |
| bradycardia | a slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min |
| breath sounds | an indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with a stethoscope |
| capillary refill | a test that evaluates distal circulatory system function by squeezing blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure |
| capnography | a noninvasive method that can quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism |
| carbon dioxide | carbon dioxide is a component of air and typically makes up 0.3% of air at sea level |
| chief complaint | the reason a patient called for help |
| coagulate | to form a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding |
| colorimetric devices | capnometer or end-tidal carbon dioxide detectors are devices that use a chemical reaction to detect the amount of carbon dioxide present in expired gases by changing colors |
| conjunctiva | the delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye |
| crepitus | a grating or grinding sensation caused by fractures bone ends or joints rubbing together |
| cyanosis | a bluish gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood |
| DCAP-BTLS | deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures/penetrations, burns, tenderness, laceration, and swelling |
| diaphoretic | characterized by profuse sweating |
| diastolic pressure | the pressure that remains in the arteries during relaxing phase of the heart's cycle when the left ventricle is at rest |
| end-tidal CO2 | the amount of carbon dioxide present in exhaled breath |
| focused assessment | a type of physical assessment that is typically performed on patients who have sustained non significant mechanisms of injury or on responsive medical patients |
| frostbite | damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold |
| full-body scan | a systematic head-to-toe examination that is performed during the secondary assessment on a patient who has sustained a significant mechanism of jury, is unconscious, or is in critical condition |
| general impression | the overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care |
| Golden Period | the time form injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best |
| guarding | involuntary muscle contractions of the abdominal wall in an effort to protect an inflamed abdomen |
| history taking | a step within the patient assessment process that provides detail about the patient's CC and an account of the patient's signs and symptoms |
| hypertension | BP higher than normal range |
| hypotension | BP lower than the normal range |
| hypothermia | a condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees F |
| incidnet command system | a systme implemented to manage disasters and mass- and multiple-casualty incidents in which section chiefs, including finance, logistics, operations, and planning, report to the incident commander |
| jaundice | yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction |
| labored breathing | breathing that requires visibly increased effort; characterized by grunting, stridor, and use of accessory muscles |
| mechanism of injury (MOI) | the way in which traumatic injuries occur; the forces that act on the body to cause damage |
| nasal flaring | flaring out of the nostrils, indication that there is an airway obstruction |
| nature of illness (NOI) | the general type of illness a patient is experiencing |
| OPQRST | an abbreviation for key terms used in evaluating a patient's pain; onset, provocation or palliation, quality, region/radiation, severity, and timing of pain |
| orientation | the mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person (name), place (current location), time (current year, month, and approximate date), and event (what happened) |
| palpate | to examine by touch |
| paradoxical motion | the motion of the chest wall section that is detached in a flail chest; the motion is exactly the opposite of normal during breathing |
| perfusion | circulation of the blood within an organ or tissue |
| personal protective equipment (PPE) | clothing or specialized equipment that provides protection to the wearer |
| pertinent negatives | negative findings that warrant no care or intervention |
| primary assessment | a step within the patient assessment process that identifies and initiates treatment of immediate and potential life threats |
| pulse | the pressure wave that occurs as each heartbeat causes a surge in the blood circulating through the arteries |
| pulse oximetry | an assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds |
| rales | a crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs |
| reassessment | a step within the patient assessment process that is performed at regular interval during the assessment process. it's purpose is to identify and treat changes in a patient's condition |
| responsiveness | the way in which a patient responds to external stimuli; verbal, tactile, and painful stimulis |
| retractions | movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration |
| rhonchi | coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways |
| SAMPLE history | a brief history of a patient's condition to determine signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading up to injury/illness |
| scene size-up | a step within the patient assessment process that involves a quick assessment of the scene and the surroundings to provide information about scene safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness before you enter and begin patient care |
| sclera | the white portion of the eye |
| secondary assessment | a step within the patient assessment process in which a systematic physical examination of the patient is performed |
| shallow respiration | respirations that are characterized by little movement of he chest wall or poor chest excursion |
| shallow respiration | objective findings that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured |
| sniffing position | an upright position in which the patient's head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open |
| standard precautions | protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease |
| spontaneous respirations | breathing that occurs with no assistance |
| stridor | a harsh, high-pitched, crowing inspiratory sound, such as the sound often heard in acute laryngeal obstruction |
| subcutaneous emphysema | the presence of air in soft tissues, causing a characteristic crackling sensation on palpitation |
| symptom | subjective findings that the patient feels but that can be identified only by the patient |
| systolic pressure | the increased pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles |
| tachycardia | a rapid heart rate; more than 100 BPM |
| tidal volume | the amount of air that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath |
| triage | process of establishing treatment and transportation priorities according to severity of injury and medical need |
| tripod position | an upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts the head and chin forward |
| two- to three-word dyspnea | a severe breathing problem in which a patient can speak only two to three words at a time without pausing to take a breath |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of a blood vessel |
| vital signs | the key signs that are used to evaluate the patient's overall condition including; respirations, pulse, blood pressure, level of consciousness, and skin characteristics |
Created by:
mackensiedewey