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Anatomy 2
Exam 3: Larynx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Location of the Larynx | The larynx is in the midline of the anterior aspect of the neck between cervical vertebrae 4 and 6. |
| Superficially, the landmark of the larynx is the | laryngeal prominence. |
| The laryngeal skeleton is composed of | four major and two minor cartilages (nine separate cartilages) |
| The four major laryngeal cartilages are | 1. Thyroid Cartilage 2. Cricoid Cartilage 3. Arytenoid Cartilages 4. Epiglottic Cartilage |
| unpaired; largest cartilage of the larynx | Thyroid cartilage |
| Thyroid cartilage is characterized by two what | two broad laminae that are continuous anteriorly and form the thyroid notch and laryngeal prominence along their superior borders. |
| form the thyroid notch and laryngeal prominence along their superior borders | laminae |
| The dorsal edges of the laminae bear, on their upper and lower corners | superior and inferior horns (cornu) |
| articulate with the hyoid bone and cricoid cartilage | superior and inferior horns (cornu) |
| The gap between the superior border of the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone is bridged by | thyrohyoid membrane |
| unpaired; ring-shaped, is directly below the thyroid cartilage | Cricoid Cartilage |
| Cricoid Cartilage is characterized by | a narrow anterior arch and a broad posterior lamina |
| paired; small, are situated atop the superior edge of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage. They are pyramid-shaped with prominent vocal and muscular processes. | Arytenoid Cartilages |
| Conus Elasticus are | vocal ligament + cricothyroid ligament |
| unpaired; leaf-shaped, forms the anterior wall of the laryngeal aditus. It is attached by ligaments to both the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage | Epiglottic Cartilage |
| The two minor laryngeal cartilages are | 1. Corniculate Cartilages 2. Cuneiform Cartilages |
| paired; small and cone-shaped. They are atop the apices of the arytenoid cartilages. | Corniculate Cartilages |
| paired; small, are on the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane anterior to the corniculate cartilages. | Cuneiform Cartilages |
| Elastic tissues of the larynx | 1. Quadrangular Membrane 2. Conus Elasticus |
| extends from the sides of the epiglottic cartilage to the corniculate and arytenoid cartilages. | . Quadrangular Membrane |
| a well-developed sheet. It arises from the upper border of the arch of the cricoid cartilage and extends upward and medially. The upper edges of both sheets (extend. betwn thyroid & arytenoid cartilages) are thickened to form the vocal ligaments. | Conus Elasticus |
| The mucosa of the piriform recess is reflected over the lateral and medial sides of the quadrangular membrane. The reflection of mucosa over the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane creates the | aryepiglottic fold |
| The mucosal lining continues down the medial surface of the quadrangular membrane, and at the lower free edge of the membrane is reflected laterally. This reflection of mucosa creates the | vestibular fold (false vocal cord). |
| lateral reflection of mucosa from the vestibular fold creates a small lateral recess called | ventricle of the larynx |
| The inferior leaf of this reflection continues over the free edge of the vocal ligament to form | vocal fold (vocal cord). |
| The cavities and spaces created by the mucosal reflections are | a) Aditus b) Vestibule c) Rima vestibuli d) Ventricle e) Rima glottidis f.)Subglottic (infraglottic) cavity |
| space that forms the entrance to larynx. It is bounded anteriorly by epiglottis, laterally by aryepiglottic folds, and posteriorly by corniculate tubercles (mucous membrane covered corniculate cartilages) and arytenoideus muscle. | Aditus |
| cavity between medial surfaces of the two quadrangular membranes. | Vestibule |
| space between vestibular folds. | Rima vestibuli |
| small lateral recess | Ventricle |
| space between vocal cords | Rima glottidis |
| cavity extending from vocal cords to inferior border of cricoid cartilage. | Subglottic (infraglottic) cavity |
| Intrinsic muscles of the Larynx | 1. Cricothyroid 2. Posterior cricoarytenoid 3. Lateral cricoarytenoid 4. Transverse arytenoid (arytenoideus) 5. Oblique arytenoid 6. Thyroarytenoid |
| Origin: anterolateral surface of arch of cricoid cartilage; Insertion: lower aspect of thyroid lamina; Action: pulls the thyroid cartilage anteroinferiorly toward the arch of the cricoid, thereby lengthening, tensing, and adducting vocal cord. | Cricothyroid |
| Origin: from posterior surface of cricoid lamina; Insertion: on muscular process of arytenoid cartilage; Action: rotates arytenoid cartilage laterally, thereby abducting vocal cord. | Posterior cricoarytenoid |
| arises laterally from upper and outer surfaces of cricoid arch, inserts on muscular process of arytenoid cartilage - is an antagonist to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle - rotates arytenoid cartilage medially, thereby adducting vocal cord | Lateral cricoarytenoid |
| extends transversely between posterior surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages - approximates the arytenoid cartilages. | Transverse arytenoid (arytenoideus) |
| extends obliquely between posterior surfaces of arytenoid cartilages - with the aryepiglottic muscle, acts as a sphincter of the aditus by bringing aryepiglottic folds together and by approximating arytenoid cartilages to tubercle of epiglottis. | Oblique arytenoid |
| extends obliquely between posterior surfaces of arytenoid cartilages with the aryepiglottic muscle | Oblique arytenoid |
| Acts as a spincter of the aditus by bringing aryepiglottic folds together and by approximating artyenoid cartilages to tubercle of epiglottis | Aryepiglottic muscle |
| Origin: inner surface of thyroid lamina near midline, runs Insertion: dorsally on lateral surface of arytenoid cartilage. Action: pulls arytenoid cartilage anteriorly, thereby reducing tension on vocal cord and shortening it | Thyroarytenoid muscle |
| is a thin sheet of variable development - pulls arytenoid cartilage anteriorly, thereby reducing tension on vocal cord and shortening it - also rotates arytenoid cartilage medially, thereby adducting vocal cord (antagonist to cricothyroid). | Thyroarytenoid muscle |
| Origin: inner midline surface of thyroid lamina. Insertion: on vocal process of arytenoids cartilage - lies against and tightly adherent to the conus elasticus - adducts and tenses vocal cord. | Vocalis muscle |
| Although vocalis could pull the arytenoid cartilage forward, thereby shortening the vocal cord, this action is opposed by the | cricothyroid muscle. |
| Ateries and veins of larynx | 1. Upper half: superior laryngeal br. of superior thyroid artery/vein. 2. Lower half: inferior laryngeal br. of inferior thyroid artery/vein. |
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