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Chapter 20
Pharm Review end of Chapter and definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| How are the non-opoid analgesics different from the opioids analgesics. | Are not chemically or structurally related to morphine*not effective against severe, sharp(visceral) viseral pain*Produce analgesica through both a CNS and periphera mech of action*Do not produce tolerance or physical dependency with chronic use. |
| Define analgesics: | Defined as* Substance( synthetic or naturally occuring) that inhibits the body's reacton to painful stimuli or perception of pain. |
| Explain the term inflammation: | Condition in which tissues have been damaged, characterized by swelling, pain, heat and sometimes redness. |
| Joint pain: | arthralgia |
| Pain associated with muscle injury | myalgia |
| inflammation of the joints: | arthritis |
| What is a small area of skin or mucous membrane that is discolored because of localized hemorrhages= | petechia |
| What is a condition in which pain and inflammation of joints are accompanied by elevation in body temperature? | Rheumatic fever |
| Painful menstruation: Peak of Jess's moods sometimes | dysmenorrhea |
| What is a condition in which toxic doses of salicylates result in nausea, tinnitus and delirium? | Salicylism |
| What are three major pharmalogical effects produced by the salicylates? | analgesic*antipyretic*anti-inflammatory |
| How do the nonopioid analgesics relieve pain? | By selectively affecting the hypothalmaic centers* reducing an elevated body temperature but not affecting a normal body temperature* Blockage of prostaglandin stimulation of the central nervous system. |
| Why do some people experience nausea and vomiting after taking an aspirin? | Salicylates directly irritate the stomach mucusol lining. |
| Why do salicylates potentiate the action of the oral anticoagulant drugs? | Irreversibly inhibit the aggregation of platelets necessary for blood clot formation * Permanently hinders the access of arachidonic acid to the active site on the COX-1 enzyme. |
| Salicylism: | Condition in which toxic doses of salicylates are ingested* Resulting in nausea, tinnitus and delirium. |
| Selective COX- inhibitors: | Drugs that only interact with one of the enzymes in the cyclooxygenase family* |
| Prophylaxis: | treatment or drug given to prevent a condition or disease. |
| Prostaglandin: | Substance naturally found in certain tissues of the body* Can stimulate uterine and intestinal muscle contractions*may cause pain by stimulating nerve endings. |
| Phagocyte: Pac Man cell. What does Pac man do? He kinda operates like that :) | circulating cell( such as a leukocyte)* that ingests waste products or bacteria in order to remove them from the body. |
| Lavage: | Washing with fluids * Flushing of a cavity such as the stomach |
| Ischemia: | Reduction in blood supply and oxygen to localized are of the body or tissue. |
| Erythema: | abnormal redness of the skin, caused by capillary congestion. |
| Antipyresis: | Reducing an elevated body temperature. |
| analgesia: | inhibition of the perception of pain. |
| Leukopenia: | Condition in which the total number of white blood cells circulating in the blood is less than normal. |
| Megaloblastic anemia: | Condition in which there is a large , immature form of the red blood cell* does not function as efficiently as the mature form. |
| Anaphylaxis: | Condition in which the body develops a severe allergic response* This is a medical emergency. ( What do we use to treat this? Common easy by now) |
| Anemia: | Condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin inside red blood cells is less than normal. |
| Why is acetaminophen recommended for patients who are aspirin sensitive? | It does not produce GI irritation or ulceration in therapeutic doses. Does not affect platelet aggregation or prostoglandin synthesis. |
| Which anti-inflammatory drugs should not be administered over long periods of time? | All NASID's have the ability to interact with Cyclooxygenases by inhibiting a primary pathway in prostoglandin synthesis. |
| Which anti-inflammatory drugs should not be administered over long periods of time( such as months) ? | NSAID's have the ability to interact with Cyclooxygenases by inhibiting a primary pathway in protoglandin synthesis. |
| What metabolic imbalance is associated with the production of gout? | The deposition of uric acid in joint fluid and soft tissue. |
| How does colchicine alleviate the acute inflammatory reaction of gout? | Extremely useful during the 48 hours of acute attack* alters the ability of the phagocytes to attack uric acid crystals* Ph of joint fluid does not fall. Cycle of uric acid deposition is interrupted and gouty attack subsides. |
| How does allopurinoal and probenecid differ in their antigout mechanism of action? | Probenecid treats hyperuricemia associated with gout aouty arthritis* Inhibits the renal tube secretion of most penacillins and cephalosporins* probenecid elevates and prolongs the plasma levels of these antibotics. |
| What is considered an all- around antiinflammatory drug? | Ibuprophen* Jess loves this drug* I be happy all day IB:) |
| Cyclooxygenase(COX) is a family of enzymes that? | Make various prostaglandins from arachidonic acid* |
| True of False: NSAIDs are a class of antiinflammatory drugs that inhibit more than one type of cyclooxygenase( COX-1, 2) | TRUE:Both 1 and 2 |
| True of False: Acetaminophen is NOT a substitute for analgesia and antipyresis in asprin-sensitive patients. | False: Acetaminophen is an asprin substitute for asprin-sensitive patients* |
| Are NSAIDs highly bound to plasma proteins? | YES***************************** |
| True or false: Uricosuric drugs can be given with hypouricemic drugs drugs to increase levels or uric acid concerations? | False: Uricosuric drugs in combination with hypouricemic drugs lower uric acid concentrations. |
| True or False: The COX-2 selective NSAID celecoxib( Celebrex) is primarily an antiinflammatory drug. | TRUE: Antiinflammatory drug* Primary action |
| True or False: Antiinflammatory drugs: Vary in their ability to reduce all types of inflammation. | True!!**** |
Created by:
Nursegirl29